paper 1 terms

Alliteration

The repetition of the same initial consonant sounds in a sequence of words. Example: 'She sells seashells by the seashore.'

Allusion

An indirect reference to a person, place, event, or literary work. Example: 'He has the Midas touch' refers to King Midas from Greek mythology.

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. Example: 'I have a dream' in Martin Luther King Jr.'s speech.

Antithesis

A contrast or opposition between two things, often in parallel structure. Example: 'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.'

Appeal to Authority

A logical fallacy where someone argues that a claim is true because an authority figure endorses it. Example: 'According to Dr. Smith, this medication is effective.'

Appeal to Emotion

Persuading an audience by appealing to their emotions. Example: 'If you don't adopt this puppy, it might never find a home.'

Appeal to Logic

Using logical reasoning to persuade an audience. Example: 'All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal.'

Assonance

The repetition of vowel sounds within nearby words. Example: 'The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.'

Asyndeton

The omission of conjunctions between parts of a sentence. Example: 'I came, I saw, I conquered.'

Colloquialism

Informal language or expressions used in everyday conversation. Example: 'Wanna' instead of 'want to.'

Connotation

The implied or associative meaning of a word, beyond its literal definition. Example: 'Home' connotes warmth and comfort.

Declarative Statement

A sentence that makes a statement or expresses an opinion. Example: 'The sky is blue.'

Denotation

The literal or primary meaning of a word. Example: The one of 'home' is a place where one lives.

Euphemism

A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh. Example: 'Passed away' instead of 'died.'

Exclamatory Sentence

A sentence that expresses strong emotion. Example: 'What a beautiful day!'

Hyperbole

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. Example: 'I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.'

Hypophora

A figure of speech in which a writer poses a question and then answers it. Example: 'What is the meaning of life? It is to find happiness.'

Imperative Sentence

A sentence that gives a command or instruction. Example: 'Please close the door.'

Irony

A contrast between expectation and reality, often highlighting a discrepancy. Example: A fire station burns down.

Jargon

Special words or expressions used by a particular profession or group. Example: 'Code blue' in a medical context means a patient is in need of immediate resuscitation.

Juxtaposition

Placing two elements close together to highlight their differences. Example: 'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.'

Metaphor/Simile

A metaphor is a direct comparison between two unlike things, while a simile uses 'like' or 'as.' Example: 'Time is a thief' (metaphor) and 'Her smile is like sunshine' (simile).

Metonymy

A figure of speech in which one thing is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it. Example: 'The White House issued a statement.'

Oxymoron

A figure of speech in which contradictory terms appear in conjunction. Example: 'Deafening silence.'

Parallelism

The use of similar grammatical structures in a series of phrases or clauses. Example: 'I came, I saw, I conquered.'

Personification

Attributing human characteristics to non-human entities. Example: 'The wind whispered through the trees.'

Polysyndeton

The use of multiple conjunctions in close succession. Example: 'We have ships and men and money and stores.'

Rhetorical Question

A question asked for effect, not requiring an answer. Example: 'Is the sky blue?'

Semantic Field

A set of words grouped by meaning referring to a specific subject. Example: Words related to 'happiness' include joy, bliss, and contentment.

Synthetic Personalization

A technique used in communication to create a personal connection with the audience. Example: 'You, the viewer, will love this product!'

Synecdoche

A figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa. Example: 'All hands on deck' refers to sailors.

Triadic Structure

A rhetorical device that uses a series of three parallel elements. Example: 'Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.'

Zeugma

A figure of speech in which a word applies to multiple parts of the sentence. Example: 'She broke his car and his heart.'