CH 26 Quiz: Tradition and Change in East Asia

chinese belief that the emperor was a human being designated by heavenly powers to maintain order on earth

chinese belief that the emperor was a human being designated by heavenly powers to maintain order on earth

son of heaven

practice in china that killed newborn children, typically girls, bc boys were seen as less of a liability

infanticide

Muslim from Yunnan, China who rose from the ranks of eunuchs to become a trusted advisor and admiral of emperor Yongle; led 7 maritime expeditions

Zheng He

ships from the philippines (former spanish colony) that carried luxury goods across the pacific from china to mexico in exchange for new world silver.

Manila Galleons

“military governor” who ruled japan through retainers, had control over samurai, and ruled in place of the emperor

shogun

feudal nobility in 16th century japan; vassals of the shogun who had significant influence over politics, economy, and military.

daimyo

japanese style of theater in which actors were free to improvise or embellish the words

kabuki

castrated males, originally in charge of the harem, who grew to play major roles in government where their lack of sexual desires and abilities were considered advantageous.

eunuchs

highly educated officials in China who were selected through the civil service exams and played a key role in the day-to-day governance of the country; came from the scholar-gentry class

scholar-bureaucrat

chinese practice that was used as a way to improve/flaunt social standing by tightly wrapping young girls’ feet with strips of cloth that prevented natural growth

foot binding

italian jesuit missionary and scholar-bureaucrat who played a significant role in introducing christianity and western science to china during the ming dynasty; attempted to convert the emperor using chiming clocks

matteo ricci

policy followed by china to maintain limited contact with the outside world in order to focus on self-reliance and avoid international (political, economical, etc.) involvement.

isolationism

“tent government” or feudal style of government that ruled japan under the direction of shoguns from 1603 until the meiji restoration in 1868

bakufu

warrior class in feudal japan who were known for their code of honor

samurai

indigenous japanese religion that emphasizes purity, clan loyalty, and the divinity of the emperor

shinto

• Established the Qing Dynasty in 1644

• Maintained the civil service examination system

• Established a centralized bureaucracy

• Restricted foreign trade and maintained a policy of isolationism

What did the Manchus do after conquering China?

• adopting their culture

• learning their language,

• sharing scientific knowledge (e.g world maps, clocks, & calendars).

How did Europeans like Mateo Ricci seek to impress the Chinese?

• Isolationist policies limited contact with the outside world.

• Prioritization of literary and bureaucratic skills over scientific and technological innovation/advancement.

Why did China fall behind technologically during the Ming and Qing dynasties?

implemented a policy that closely controlled trade relations between japan and outside world preserve Japanese culture from european conquest

Around 1630, what was the Japanese reaction to the arrival of the West?

• Investing in infrastructure projects like the Great Wall and Grand Canal

• Promoting Confucianism as the dominant ideology;

• maintaining former Han traditions that were abandoned during Yuan rule

What did the Ming Emperors do to stabilize China internally?

peasants bc they performed honest labor and provided the food that supported the entire population

What was considered the most honorable class among the peasants, artisans, and merchants in the Confucian tradition? Why?

• Europeans introduced new technologies and goods

• European colonization led to political, economic, and social changes in Asia

• cultural assimilation bc of introduction of new ideas, languages, and religions

How did the arrival of the Europeans impact Asian societies?

refers to chinese emperors, who were chosen by the heavens to maintain order on earth

What does the phrase "Son of Heaven" refer to?

• Economic growth and stability

• with the end of constant warfare and decline of the ruling elite, many samurai and daimyo moved to cities, leading to the growth of urban centers (urbanization)

• flourishing of arts, literature, and theater

• isolationist policies that limited interactions between japan and the outside world (had positive & negative effects)

What was one of the results of the peace brought by the Tokugawa period?