the smallest piece of an element that keeps the chemical identity of that element
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compound
a substance that contains 2 or more different elements that are chemically joined
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molecule
a group of 2 or more atoms joined together chemically
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mixture
many substances that you encounter
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chemical reaction
a process that rearranges the atoms of one or more substances into one or more substances
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reactants
atoms of substances used to combine one or more to create a new substances
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products
the result of a new substance made by combining one or more atoms of substances
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solvents
a substance that is capable of dissolving an other substance
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solution
when a solvent (water) has one or more substances dissolved in it
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specific heat
the amount of heat needed to raise 1ml of water by 1 degreees c
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carbohyydrates
energy rich compounds such as sugars and starches made from carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
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glucose
a simple sugar made of 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen and 6 oxygen atoms.
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lipids
made from carbon, hydrogen, and o2 energy rich. ex: fats and oils
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proteins
complex molecules made from smaller molecules called amino acids Ex: meats are high in protein
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hibernate
sleep through winter
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amino acids
protein molecules are made of amino acids, and our cells combine them to make different protiens (building blocks of proteins
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nucleaic acids
molecules that contain info needed for making protein
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DNA
a nucleaic acid that contains info cells needed to make all of their proteins
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biosphere
earths life supporting layer of land, water, and air
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ecosystem
a group of living things and their physical surroundings
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habitat
a place where an organism lives
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abiotic factors
the non living parts of an ecosystem including temperature, precipitation, sunlight, soil type, oxygen, and carbondioxide
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pH
a measure of chemicals called acids and bases in water
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dissolved oxygen
the oxygen availiable to living things in water
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a- or an-
not, without, lacking, defficient
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bio
life, living
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chem-
dealing with chemicals
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co-
with, together
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-cul- or -cule
small, dimunutive
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dis-
apart, out
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eco-
house
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-escent
becomming
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gluc- glyc-
sweet, sugar
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hibern-
winter
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lip-
fat
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-lumin
light
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mole-
mass
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nuc-
center
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re-
again back
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solv-
loosen, free
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-sphere-
ball, round
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What did Stanley Miller try to do? tried to find a recipie for life
What did Stanley Miller try to do?
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chemistry is the building blocks of learning biology
How does chemistry relate to biology?
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the simplest form of of matter. Sulfate, Nitrogen
What is an element? Give me an example of a element.
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What are the three most abundant elements in our bodies?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Which elements are most abundant in the atmosphere?
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the smallest particle of an element that keeps the chemical identity of that element: Carbon
Define and give an example of an atom.
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a substance that has two or more different elements that are chemically joined together: water
Define and give an example of a compound.
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a group of two atoms joined together chemically
What is a molecule?
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a combination from elements and compunds, they aren't joined together chemically and dont have a chemical formula
What is a mixture? How is it different from an element and a compound?
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a process that rearranges the atoms of one or more substances
What is a chemical reaction?
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a plant storing energy
Give an example of a chemical reaction.
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What are reactants?
2 hydrogen molecules + 1 oxygen molecule
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2 water molecules + energy
What are products?
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Photosynthesis is to store energy from the sun and convert it into food
What is photosynthesis?
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Its a good solvent, it exists at a large range of temperatures, It has a high specific heat.
What are the three most important properties of water?
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a substance that is capeable of dissolving another substance
What is a solvent?
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Fahrenheit- 32 freeze, 212 boil
Celsius- 0 freeze, 100 boil
What are the boiling and freezing points of water - in Celsius and Fahrenheit?
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by adding salt
Can you change the boiling and freezing points of water? How?
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the amount of heat needed to raise one ml of water by one degrees celsius
What is specific heat?
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carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What are the four groups of carbon compounds in living things?
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they are energy rich compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ex
Tell me about carbs:
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energy rich compounds made of carbon, hyrdrogen, and oxygen ex: fats, oils, waxes
Tell me about lipids:
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very large molecules made of carbon hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Many animal parts like hair, fingernails, muscle, and skin contain proteins
Tell me about proteins:
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compounds made of long repeating chains called nucleotides. Made from carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosophorus
Tell me about nucleic acids:
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it is a molecule that contains "recipes" for all of the protiens we are made of
What is DNA, and why is it called "the blueprint of life?"
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earths life supporting layer of land, water, and air
What is the biosphere?
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plantae
Which Kingdom uses photosynthesis as its primary source of energy?
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yes
Is photosynthesis a chemical reaction?
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a made up group of living things and their physical surroundings
What is an ecosystem?
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no only living things
Does an ecosystem contain living and non-living things?
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a forest, oceans, deserts
What are some examples of ecosystems?
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a place where a particular type of organism lives
What is a habitat?
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it its more specific. a habitat is where a organism lives within a ecosystem
How is a habitat different from an ecosystem?
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sunlight, temperature, precipitation, type of soil, oxygen, and other elements and chemicals
What kinds of variables/factors can influence habitats?
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sunlight- cold blooded animals wont get warmth
temperature- because it can get cold
precipitation- most plants need water
type of soil- you can predict where organisms live based on soil
oxygen- most things need oxygen to live
other elements and chemicals- they pollute stuff!
What are five important variables that affect life on land? Explain each of them
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water without salt
What is freshwater?
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lakes, rivers
Where is freshwater found?
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No because only 0.01% of water on earths surface is freshwater
Is freshwater the most abundant form of water on planet Earth?
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Salt water because it makes up 96% of the water on earths surface.
If freshwater isn't the most abundant form of water on earth, what is the most abundant form of water on planet earth and how do the quantities differ from each other?
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They are very similar but a few are different, such as the type of seidment, and the dissolved oxygen instead of oxygen and type of soil.
What factors or variables affect freshwater habitats? Are they the same as the variables that affect land habitats? Explain.
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35
What is the average salt concentration in ocean water (in ppt)?
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Starlight Zone: 0-200m
Twighlight Zone: 200-1,000m
Dark Zone: 1,000-10,000m
\
What is the depth in each of the zones in the ocean?
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Starlight Zone- Most Light
Twighlight Zone- Some Light
Dark Zone- No light
What is the sunlight in each of the zones in the ocean?
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Starlight Zone- 0-25 degrees c
Twighlight Zone- 4-25 degrees c
Dark Zone- 4 degrees c
What is the average temperature in each of the zones in the ocean?
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Starlight Zone- Light
Twighlight Zone- Medium
Dark Zone- High
What is the pressure in each of the zones in the ocean?
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Starlight Zone- Dolphins
Twighlight Zone- Squid
Dark Zone- Jellyfish
What are some of the organisms in each of the zones in the ocean?
Studied by 160 people
