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World War I 

a global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918, primarily involving the Allied Powers (France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and later the United States) against the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire).

Total War 

is a military strategy that involves the complete mobilization of a nation's resources, both military and civilian, to achieve victory in conflict.

Treaty of Versailles 

was a peace treaty signed in 1919 that officially ended World War I, imposing heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

Russian Revolution 

refers to the two revolutions of 1917 that overthrew the Tsarist regime and led to the rise of the Bolsheviks and the establishment of the Soviet Union. 

Lenin 

a revolutionary leader and the founder of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, which later became the Soviet Union.

Collectivisation of Agriculture 

is an agricultural system where individual farms are consolidated into large, collective farms managed by the state or a collective organization. This method aims to increase efficiency, productivity, and control over agricultural production, often as part of broader socialist or communist policies, particularly during the interwar period.

Great Depression  

was a severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from 1929 until the late 1930s, marked by massive unemployment.

Fascism 

is a far-right authoritarian political ideology characterized by dictatorial power, extreme nationalism, and the suppression of opposition. This ideology emerged in the early 20th century, particularly in Italy under Benito Mussolini, and played a significant role in the lead-up to World War II as it influenced other regimes and contributed to global tensions.

Mussolini 

an Italian politician and leader of the National Fascist Party, known for establishing a totalitarian regime in Italy during the early 20th century.

Nazi Party 

officially known as the National Socialist German Workers' Party, was a far-right political group in Germany that emerged in the early 20th century and gained control of the government in 1933 under Adolf Hitler.

Hitler 

was the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party) and Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945.

Revolutionary Right (Japan) -

also known as Radical Nationalism, this was a movement in Japanese political life circa 1930-1945 that was marked by extreme nationalism, a commitment to elite leadership focused around the emperor, and dedication to foreign expansion.

World War II in Asia 

the Pacific Theater, a major conflict in the East, characterized by Japan's expansionist ambitions, the US entry into the war after Pearl Harbor, and the devastating atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which led to Japan's surrender

World War II in Europe 

a global conflict sparked by Germany's invasion of Poland, saw heavy fighting across the continent and resulted in the defeat of the Axis powers by the Allies, reshaped the political landscape of Europe.

Holocaust 

the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and extermination of six million Jews and millions of others by the Nazi regime.

Communism in Eastern Europe 

a political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society with collective ownership of the means of production, aiming to eliminate capitalism and distribute wealth based on need, rather than market forces.

Ho Chi Minh -

a Vietnamese revolutionary leader who played a crucial role in the struggle for Vietnam's independence from French colonial rule.

Chinese Revolution of 1949 - 

culminated in the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949, after the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) defeated the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) in the Chinese Civil War.

Mao Zedong - 

was a Chinese communist revolutionary and founding father of the People's Republic of China, who played a pivotal role in shaping modern Chinese history.

Guomindang -

was a significant political party in China founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912. The party aimed to modernize China and establish a republic, promoting nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood.