ALHS 1011 Final Review Ch.1 : Introduction

What is physiology?

What is physiology?

The study of function of the body - how the body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities

What is Anatomy?

Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

What's the 1st level of organization from smallest to largest?

Atom

What's the 2nd level of organization from smallest to largest?

Cells

What's the 3rd level of organization from smallest to largest?

Tissues

What's the 4th level of organization from smallest to largest?

Organs

What's the 5th level of organization from smallest to largest?

Organ system

What's the 6th level of organization from smallest to largest?

Organisms

What is Homeostasis?

Describes the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing.

What is the Negative Feedback mechanism?

The net effect of the response to the stimulus is either shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity.

What is the Positive Feedback mechanism?

Rare in the body; but will increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and to push the variable farther from its original value.

Having a fever & body starts sweating is an example of what feedback mechanism?

Negative Feedback

Taking medicine to reduce temp. body & trying to go back to normal body temp. to maintain homeostasis, is an example of what feedback mechanism?

Negative Feedback

Blood Clotting is an example of what feedback mechanism?

Positive Feedback

Giving Birth is an example of what feedback mechanism?

Positive Feedback

TOWARD the head or toward the LOWER PART of structure or the back; ABOVE

Superior (cranial or cephalic)

AWAY from the head or TOWARD THE LOWER PART of a structure or the body; BELOW

Inferior (caudal)

Toward or at the front of the body; IN FRONT OF

Anterior (Ventral)

Toward or at the backside of the body; BEHIND

Posterior (Dorsal)

Toward or at the MIDLINE of the body; on the INNER side of

Medial

Away from the midline of the body; on the OUTER side of

Lateral

Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Proximal

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Distal

TOWARD or at the body surface

Superficial (external)

AWAY from the body surface; more internal

Deep

The external covering of the body, or the skin, including the hair and fingernails.

Integumentary system

Responsible for body movements, stabilizing joints, and generating heat

Muscular system

Is the primary control system of the body, and provides for higher mental function and emotional expression, maintains homeostasis, and regulates the activities of muscles and glands.

Nervous System

Is the second control system of the body, and m releases chemicals called hormones that regulate complex body processes

Endocrine System

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues and carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide via blood

Cardiovascular System

Carries excess interstitial fluid from tissues back to cardiovascular circulation and provides locations for immune cells to monitor the body

Lymphatic System

Provides oxygen to the body, disposes of carbon dioxide, and helps reguate blood pH.

Respiratory System

Breaks down the food you eat into nutrients needed for metabolic processes, such as making ATP, and rids the body of materials that cannot be used, such as fiber.

Digestive System

Filters nitrogenous wastes from the blood and helps regulate water, electrolyte, and acid-base balances.

Urinary System

The reproductive organs of men and women produce gametes and also contribute to the development of secondary sex characteristics.

Reproductive System