Immunity Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing key vocabulary related to immunity.

Immunity (Resistance)

The ability of the body to protect us from diseases caused by microorganisms and/or their products.

Susceptibility

Lack of immunity.

Innate Immunity

Immunity we are born with; provides the initial response to invading pathogens; always present and ready to respond immediately to any microorganism.

Adaptive Immunity

A type of immunity is highly specific; we acquire it as we are exposed to different pathogens; demonstrates memory and reacts more quickly and strongly each time the body is exposed to the pathogen.

Surface Defense

Mechanisms used by the immune system to prevent pathogens from entering the body. These can be Structural, Mechanical, and Biochemical.

Structural Defenses

Physical barriers like skin that block the entry of most microorganisms into the body.

Epidermis

The outer layer of the skin, composed of tightly packed epithelial cells and containing keratin.

Mucous Membranes

Line body cavities and block entry of microorganisms, found in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts.

Mucus

A viscous glycoprotein substance secreted by mucous membranes that traps microbes and other molecules like dust and dirt.

Cilia

Small hair-like structures in the mucus membrane of the respiratory tract that sweep mucus containing trapped microbes upward toward the throat.

Lysozyme

An enzyme found in sweat, tears, saliva, nasal secretions, and urine that kills gram-positive bacteria.

Human Microbiota (Normal Flora)

Harmless microorganisms that live on our skin and mucous membranes, blocking pathogens from living there.

Internal Defense

The second line of defense, composed of physiological barriers that are activated when pathogens enter the body. Antimicrobial proteins, phagocytic cells, inflammation, and fever participate in this.

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

Cells in your blood responsible for the second and third lines of defense of immunity.

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

Carry oxygen around the body.

Plasma

The liquid part of your blood.