History Exam

election of September 1930

Nazis increased their number of seats in the Reichstag from 12 to 107

Nazi Votes

Went from 810,000 votes in May 1928 to 13,745,000 in July 1932, with the marjority of votes

How many people in Germany 1929 were unemployed

 1.7 millon

How many people in Germany 1932 were unemployed

6 millon - one in three Germans

How many people were directly effected by unemployment

23 millon

How much did foreign banks let Germans borrow from 1924 to 1929

around 25,000 millon marks

When did Hitler ban all other parties

14th July 1933

1 Dawes

  

The great depression is a short term cause of hitlers consolidation of power. It resulted in a particually bad outcome for Germany as a result of the 1924 Dawes Plan. The 1924 Dawes plan meant that Germany would get loans from the US for reparations decreed in the treaty of Versailles signed 28 June 1919. The US gave Germany 800 mil, while foreign banks gave Germans around 25,000 mil from 1924 to 1929.

2 NY

In October 1929 prices on the New York stock exchange began to fall. By mid November stock prices fell by 33%. American banks, which had invested themselves and also lent money to now failed investors because of the economic success of the ‘roaring’ twenties, suddenly had a decreased amount of money. This meant that they had to recall their loans, including the ones made to Germany.

3 German

In Germany, suddenly businesses from many different industries went bankrupt as they could not afford to pay their loans. The economy started to fail, and unemployment and inflation rose. 1.7 mil in 1929 to 6 mil (or 30% of Germanys working population) unemployed in 1932. Around 23 million people directly affected as their lives depended on the wage that now unemployed people brung home, that was no longer coming in. The Great Depression had started. People who still have jobs suffer from low wages and worse conditions

4 July 1930

As the economy was now failing, Chancellor Bruning went to the Reichstag (Germanys government) with a plan in July 1930. He proposed a piece of legislation that would reduce government expenditure and reduce the amount of unemployment pay plus how long it could be taken for. It did not gain enough votes to be passed, but President Hindenburg went over the heads of the Reichstag and passed it anyway, using article 48 of the German constitution. This undermined democracy and weakened the Reichstag, setting the perfect foundation for Hitler to claim that he would solve these problems to gain the favor of the German populace. 

5 People

people were now unemployed, hungry, and desperate for a fix to the economy and Weimar Government. As a result, support for extremist parties like the KPD (communists) and the Nazis began to rise rapidly from 1930 to 1933 as they offered fast solutions to these problems.

6 Propaganda

The Nazi party gained more favor than the KPD by using propaganda. The Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda was led by Joseph Geobbls. Propaganda in the form of rallies, radio programmes, and posters was used to convince people that Hitler would rescue them from the crumbed ecomony, restore jobs, and get rid of the treaty of Versailles signed on the 28th of June 1919. He gained favor because of this as people disliked the Treaty of Versailles as it made Germans have to pay reparations to other countries affected by World War One, give up terriotory including their overseas colonies, and was seen as causing Diktat (diktated peace).

7 Scapegoats

Jewish People and the Weimar government were used as scapegoats for two of the biggest crimes to German society. These were, respectively, the wall street crash that caused the Great Depression and the signing of the treaty of Versailles. As the German populace was now very angry at these groups, Hitler could claim to be the solution to both of these problems by dismantling the Weimar government and fixing the jewish problem. Voting for the Nazis became self-defense against these ‘terrorists’.

8 September 1930

This resulted in the Nazi Party going from 12 seats in the Reichstag to 107 in the September 1930 elections. They also gained 129,000,00 votes from May 1928 to July 1932. As they now held the majority vote, Hitler became the only option left for Chancellor that would not upset the German people as being an undemocratic choice, because they weren’t voted for. Hindenburg also decided to make Hitler chancellor so that he could control him and his extremist vaules. Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany on the 30th of Janurary, 1933.

9 Resentment of Weimar

Long term resentment of Weimar Gov. after treaty (national humiliation and Diktat (dictated peace) lead to territorial loss, war guilt and reparations - Hitler want to get rid of Gov. and Treaty

10 No great depression

If there was no Great Depression, then Hitler would not have become chancellor. This is because not as many people would have been desperate for a fast solution to their struggles (like national economic self-reliance for the failing economy) because they would not have been as poor. Then, Hitler would not have been able to become Chancellor because the Nazi party would not have had the majority of votes, making him the only sensible option for Chancellor.

11 shoah

The Holocaust (also known as the Shoah in Hebrew) was a long term conseqence of Hitlers consolodation of power. The Holocaust was the systematic genocide of jewish people in Europe orchestrated by the Nazi party. The fact that Hitler had power from his consoldation of power enabled him to do this, and to do it with less resistance. Throughout his time as chancellor and Fuhrer, Hitler used propaganda and laws to force waves of hate onto Jewish people.

12 - History of anti-semitism

Jewish people have been blamed for many things throughout history, including the death of Jesus and the creation of the black plauge. Nazi ideology (enabled by their seizure of power) shaped the way it was perpetrated and ultimately led to the Holocaust. The Nazis turned antisemitism into a total, racialized, and state-driven ideology. Unlike earlier forms like in Medivial times, that allowed for assimilation or conversion, Nazi antisemitism was biological and more genocidal. It was no longer just prejudice—it was policy.A history of antisemtism let Hitler establish his anti-semitic values and propaganda on already existing thoughts, providing a basis that made his thinking seem more valid. This let him do anti-semitic pratices with a lot less backlash from the public as his beliefs were perceived as truer by the public. This enabled him and let him use his power further. 

13 Boycott Nuremburg

 

Hitlers plan was to make it clear that Jewish people were not wanted in Germany so that they would leave. He did this using propaganda and legistation. One example is the one day boycott of Jewish businesses on the 1st of April, 1933. Another is the Nuremburg race laws of the 15th of September 1935, which decreed that Jewish people were no longer Reich (German) citizens and limited their marriages with people from other racial groups, like Aryans. 

14 - Lack of international intervention

Other countries, most notably Britan and France, did not interfere because of a policy of international appeasment. They did not want another war while they were still recovering from the truama and ecomonic stress of World War One and the great depression. This only encoraged and enabled Hitler to try more severe solutions. This allowed Germany to grow only stronger in their persecution of Jewish people.

15 Kristallnacht

Things came to a head when Germany invaded Austria in 1938. On the night of the 9th of November, 1938, Kristallnacht (the night of the broken glass) occurred. This was a violent pogrom (anti sematic riot) across Germany and Austria. Many hideous acts were committed against Jewish people. Synougoes (Jewish places of worship) were burned, Jewish people were robbed, and made to perform acts of public humilation.

16 Piotrkow Trybunalski

As persecution escalated, a new goal was made to deal with Jewish people across Europe. The final solution was to kill all Jewish people in Germany. German occupation authorities established the first ghetto in Poland in Piotrków Trybunalski in October 1939, after they invaded on the 1st September 1939, starting World War Two. Ghettos were small ‘villages’ crammed with Jewish people who were only let out to work. The conditions were very bad and cramped and there was little food.

17 Chelmno

The chaos and violence of a continental war provided a pretext for the mass murder and a cover to hide these atrocities from the public. Chełmno was the first extermination camp to be established in December 1941. Its purpose was to murder the Jews of the surrounding area and the Łódź ghetto. The facility contained three gas vans in which victims were murdered by carbon monoxide poisoning. Once dead, the vans were driven to a nearby forest and the victims were buried in mass graves.

18 concentration camps

More concentration camps were built - big facilities that housed many Jewish and other people seen as ‘below’ like Romani. Many were gassed to death while those that could work were allowed to live. Conditions were awful as there was little food and much disease. Over 6 millon Jewish people were killed in the holocaust. It was globally enduring in comparison to nazification of society as it shaped humanitarian laws such as All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

19 Poland

The holocaust resulted in change by causing mass migration. After liberation, many Jewish survivors feared to return to their former homes because of the antisemitism (hatred of Jews) that persisted in parts of Europe and the trauma they had suffered. In postwar Poland, for example, there were a number of pogroms (violent anti-Jewish riots). The largest of these occurred in the town of Kielce in 1946 when Polish rioters killed at least 42 Jews and beat many others.

20 Israel

With the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948, Jewish displaced persons and refugees began streaming into the new sovereign state. Possibly as many as 170,000 Jewish displaced persons and refugees had immigrated to Israel by 1953.

21 1.2 Mil

There were in total, 1.2 millon displaced people that remained in Germany after World War Two that resfused to return home, and instead moved elsewhere. This resulted in greater cultural diversity worldwide.

Hack

Dawes is in New York and Germany in July 1930 with desperate people and Propaganda, my goat, who was born in September. He resents Weimar as there was no great depression. The Shoah has a history of anti-semitism. He is friends with Boycott Nuremburg, who had a lack of international intervention in Kristallnacht, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Chelmno, and Concentration camps (KPTCCC). Poland and Israel have 1.2 million displaced.

When was the treaty of versailles signed

28th June 1919

How many votes did the Nazi party get from 1928 to 1932

129,000,00

When was Kristallnacht

9th November 1938

Event

Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany on 30th Janurary, 1933. He got rid of threats to his power by using propaganda, legislation, and fear to intimidate his opponents. The Reichstag fire decree (passed on 28 Feburary 1933 as a outcome of the reichstag fire) gave the Nazi regime the power to arrest opponents, suppress dissent, and overrule state and local laws, paving the way for their total control of Germany. After the Nazi party won the marjority in the March 1933 election, it was decreed that Hiter could make laws without the reichstags approval on the 23rd because of tension resulting from the fire and the SA. This was called the enabling act. He got rid of other political parties that may pose a threat to his power by banning all other political parties in Germany other than his, the National Socialist Workers Party (NAZIs) on  14 July 1933. He used the Nazi armed forces, the SA (led by Ernest Rohm) and the SS to imtimidate people into voting for him. They were also used to stop talk of rebellion as people would worry that the intimidating and scary SA would find out and hurt them. This meant that a big rebellion could not be started. He also used propaganda to gain the favor of Germans. This meant that nothing was left to stop him when the only remaining person in Germany that had higher power than him, President Paul von Hindenburg, died on 2  August 1934. Now that Hindenburg was gone, Hitler was free to combine the roles of Chancellor and President to become the Fuher, or supreme leader, of Germany.

1O November Criminals

Long term - The ‘november criminals’ were what the members of the weimar government that signed the armisticeon 11 November 1918 (11/11 that led to the treaty of versailles were called by the people of germany, demeaning them. Weimar government was used as scapegoats for one of the biggest crimes to German society, The signing of the treaty of Versailles. It caused loss of terroitorty, loss of Germanys colonies across the world, severely restricting Germany's military by limiting the army to 100,000 men, and made Germany have to take the blame for world war two. This was seen as causing dictated peace (diktat) and humiliated Germany.

5O -Gleichschaltung

Gleichschaltung (synchronization) was the rapid Nazification unity of Germany in all areas of life: politics, education, family, workforce, and economy. As an example, Hitler Youth became compulsory in March 1939. Propaganda in the form of posters and rallies was used to spread the messaging that Hitler was a strong leader, that Germany was strong, anti-communist and anti-semitic, and that Aryans were superior. Trade unions were abolished and replaced with the German Labour Front.

6O - Volksgemeinschaft

All of these things were to unite (Volksgemeinschaft) the people of Germany. This was an attempt to racially unify the people of Germany into a true Germanhood. The exclusion of outsiders made people want to be part of it more, and unified people under Hitler’s messaging while making unaligned people undesirable. The racial ideology of Hitler was that Aryans (blonde people who could trace their family lineage in Germany or Europe back to the 1800s) were superior to all non-Aryans, especially Jewish people, Romani people, and Black people.

7O - RBA

The Nuremburg Race Laws clarified this, and made Jewish people not Reich (German) citizens anymore, and not able to marry Aryans. During Nazification, the Nazis used boycotts and arrests to enforce control and spread fear. Jewish businesses were boycotted further than on the 1st of April 1933, and people who went against the regime were arrested, and murdered or sent to concentration camps, like Martin Niemoller in July 1937. These actions silenced opposition, promoted antisemitism, and helped the Nazi regime strengthen its power over German society. Legislation further segregated Aryans and non-Aryans.

8O - Propaganda

Nazi propaganda portrayed the party as a unifying movement dedicated to restoring Germany’s greatness and prosperity. It claimed to represent all Germans, regardless of class, region, or religion, forming a “national community” that was to become the foundation of the future Nazi state. By presenting Nazism as open to all ethnic Germans, propagandists appealed to those disillusioned by the status quo and the economic failure of the Great Depression and political instability. Hitler promised to restore social harmony by ending class conflict and uniting workers of all backgrounds. These promises of returning Germany to greatness attracted widespread support among Germans.

9O - Nazification if no holocasust

The Nazification of society was immediate and widespread as all Germans were impacted by having their morals and ideas altered and by experiencing a loss of freedom. After consolidating power, the Nazis controlled schools, media, and youth groups, using propaganda to spread loyalty to Hitler and promote the idea of a united “people’s community” that excluded Jews and other minorities. Violence and persecution against groups the Nazis deemed “enemies” of the state” were justified through this ideology, reinforcing total control. Mandatory participation in Nazi organisations and public displays of loyalty made obedience to the regime normal. The result was a society where obedience, propaganda, and racial ideology became normalised, and resistance was both dangerous and rare.

11O-Holocaust

Without the Nazification of society the Holocaust would not have occurred, as people wouldn’t have been unified through propaganda, education, and law to believe antisemitism. The Nazis would not have been able to control society and silence opposition. This transformed ordinary Germans into supporters or bystanders, making the mass persecution and extermination of Jews socially acceptable and systematically possible.

2O - Solution

 As the German populace was now very angry at the Weimar Goverment, Hitler could claim to be the solution to this problems by dismantling the Weimar government if he was voted for. Voting for the Nazis became self-defense against these ‘terrorists’.

3O -  250 1923

 Germany's hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic (1921-1923) was caused by the government printing excessive amounts of money to pay war reparations and striking workers, which led to a catastrophic loss of currency value. Prices ran out of control, for example a loaf of bread, which cost 250 marks in January 1923, had risen to 200,000 million marks in November 1923.

4O - Propaganda

Nazi propaganda exploited the November crimals stigma using propaganda, led by Joeshph goebbls. The hyperinflation crisis intensified anger against the weimar government which gained support for the Nazi party. Political instability during 1920s  Intensified support, creates path of political legitimacy for Hitler to become chancellor and then Führer

Knew that nazis would end weimar bc had alreasy tried to takeover munich putsh n 8–9 November 1923

If hitle ridnt have the weimar government to blame …

10O - Lebensraum

Through laws like the Enabling Act (March 23, 1933), Hitler legally dismantled democracy and gave himself total power, allowing the Nazi government to rule without opposition and shape society according to Nazi ideology in a dictatorship. Nazified Germany sought to conquer Europe for Lebensraum (“living space”)—a direct result of Nazi ideology. This led to the invasion of Poland in 1939 and World War II, devastating much of the continent.

HackO

The november crimals had the solution of 250 1923 and propaganda. Gliechschaltung and volksgemimshaft’s RBA (race boycott arrests) love propaganda but not nazification if no hologaust and Lebensraum because they love holocaust