ABRAHAN MASLOW - HOLISTIC DYNAMIC THEORY

#fyp

conative needs

meaning that they have a striving or motivational character

prepotency

Lower level needs have ______ over higher level needs; that is, they must be satisfied or mostly satisfied before higher level needs become activated

physiological needs

Food, water, warmth, and rest

physiological needs

the only needs that can be completely satisfied or even overly satisfied

recurring nature

After people have eaten, they will eventually become hungry again; they constantly need to replenish their food and water supply; and one breath of air must be followed by another

safety needs

emotional and intellectual security

Safety Needs

needs that cannot be overly satiated

basic anxiety

adults who feel unsafe due to irrational fears from childhood and spend more energy than healthy people when trying to satisfy safety needs

love and belonging needs

friendship and sense of connection

esteem needs

Includes self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that others hold them in high esteem

Reputation

the perception of the prestige, recognition, or fame a person has achieved in the eyes of others

Self-esteem

a person’s own feelings of worth and confidence

self-actualization needs

achieving one’s full potential

Aesthetic Needs

the need for beauty and aesthetically pleasing experiences

Cognitive Needs

the desire to know, to solve mysteries, to understand, and to be curious

cognitive needs

When ______ needs are blocked, all needs on Maslow’s hierarchy are threatened; that is, knowledge is necessary to satisfy each of the five conative needs

Neurotic Needs

needs that are nonproductive, lead only to stagnation and pathology.

Unmotivated Behavior

Some behavior is not caused by needs but by other factors such as conditioned reflexes, maturation, or drugs

Expressive behavior

often unmotivated and unconscious, takes place naturally and with little effort. It is often an end in itself and serves no other purpose than to be.

Coping behavior

ordinarily conscious, effortful, learned, and determined by the external environment. - involves the individual’s attempts to cope with the environment; to secure food and shelter; to make friends; and to receive acceptance, appreciation, and prestige from others.

Metapathology

the absence of values, the lack of fulfillment, and the loss of meaning in life

Instinctoid needs

needs that are innately determined even though they can be modified by learning

Sex, for example, is a basic physiological need, but the manner in which it is expressed depends on learning

Hedonistic pleasure

usually temporary and not comparable to the quality of happiness produced by the satisfaction of higher needs.

Free from psychopathology

Progressed through the hierarchy of needs

Embracing of the B-Values

Criteria for Self-actualization

B-Values

indicators of psychological health

■ Different to deficiency needs, which motivate non-self-actualizers.

metaneeds

B-values are also called ____ to indicate that they are the ultimate level of needs

Metamotivation

characterized by expressive rather than coping behavior and is associated with the B-values.

Metamotivation

tentative answer to the problem of why some people have their lower needs satisfied, are capable of giving and receiving love, possess a great amount of confidence and self-esteem, and yet fail to pass over the threshold to self-actualization

B-values

Only people who live among the ____ are self-actualizing, and they alone are capable of metamotivation

desacralization

type of science that lacks emotion, joy, wonder, awe, and rapture

Taoistic Attitude for Psychology

Emphasized fascination and releasing people from controls to promote growth

Jonah Complex

fear of being one’s best; characterized by attempts to run away from one’s destiny as the biblical Jonah tried to escape from his fate

Psychotherapy

should be directed at the need level currently being thwarted, in most cases love and belongingness needs.

Being-values (B-Values)

To Maslow, the aim of therapy would be for clients to embrace the _______, that is, to value truth, justice, goodness, simplicity, and so forth.

D-love

deficiency love

B-love

love for the “being” of the other

unmotivated, expressive behavior not motivated by a deficiency or incompleteness of the lover

Mindfulness

Buddhist concept that has begun to be examined in Western therapeutic and scientific domains

Positive psychology

combines an emphasis on hope, optimism, and well-being with scientific research and assessment

Peak Experiences

extremely positive experiences that involve a sense of awe, wonder, and reverence

Evil

stems from the frustration or thwarting of basic needs, not from the essential nature of people