Unit 2 Migration

Immigration

The permanent movement to a location. Going in.

Emigration

leaving a country. Exiting and moving to another location.

Net migration

The comparison of the number of people emigrating from a country and immigrating to a country.

Pull Factors

A factor that draws or attracts people to another location

Push Factors

a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region

Voluntary Migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

Forced migration

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

Internal migration

movement within the same country

friction of distance

the increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance. People tend to migrate to areas closer to them than far away.

transhumance

The movements of livestock according to seasonal patterns, generally lowland areas in the winter, and highland areas in the summer.

Chain migration

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Step migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city

Intervening obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration. Language, lack of money, mountains, rivers, border wall, etc.

Intervening opportunity

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.

Guest worker

a foreign laborer living and working temporarily in another country. Example: Turkish workers in Germany

asylum seeker

a person who has left their home country as a political refugee and is seeking asylum in another.

refugee

A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

Internally Displaced Person

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border. Example: people who left there homes in California because of wildfires.

Human Trafficking

The illegal trade of human beings, a modern-day form of slavery, for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation or forced labor.

Intraregional Migration

Moving within a region. City to the countryside, suburban to urban.

Interregional migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another. Retirees moving from the northern part of the US to the south.

Positive consequences of immigration

Source of labor, more workers paying taxes, brain gain, and can increase population growth.

Remittances

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries

Negative consequences of immigration

Lower wages for non-skilled labors, pressure on hospitals and schools for services, etc.

Brain drain

the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries