self efficacy and confidence

self efficacy

the degree of self confidence of a performer in a specific situation

• so it is therefore different from self confidence as it applies to a situation (sporting) rather than life in general

perception of ability - what will it effect?

choice of activity

effort

persistence

efficacy expectations

vicarious experiences (watching other people do it), performance accomplishments, verbal persuasion, emotional arousal 

if all these 4 factors are positive, the performer will believe he/ she will do well/ succeed which leads to a satisfactory performance 

4 determinants of self efficacy - by bandura 

1) performance accomplishments -

2) vicarious experience

3) verbal persuasion 

4) emotional and psychological arousal 

performance accomplishments

past success - if you have done it before you will be confident of doing it again 

positive self talk 

vicarious experience

seeing others, especially peers, doing the task successfully 

watach previous successful videos of self

verbal persuasion

the amount of encouragement received from coach or friends 

emotional and psychological arousal

the level of anxiety experienced just before doing the task, remaining relatively calm can help performance. our perception of how arousal affects our confidence

why might self efficacy deteriorate

negative feedback/ criticism -

unrealistic goals

outcome goals rewarded (KofR) not process goals (K of P)

performer more interested in extrinsic than intrinsic rewards

bad experiences

high levels of anxiety

watched poor performances

improving low self efficacy

• appropriate goal setting

• process goals

• mental rehearsal/ remind performer of pervious accomplishments

• thought stopping - blocking out negative thoughts and replacing them with positive ones

• regular feedback

• extrinsic motivation at cognitive stage

• stress management techniques

• positive self talk 

• watch previous successful videos of self

• deep breathing/ progressive muscular relaxation  

Vealey’s model 

trait sport confidence (SC-trait)

general level of confidence in playing sport

state sport confidence (SC-state) 

same as self efficacy 

situation dependant confidence 

confidence in a specific situation in sport 

performance in the sport situation (behavioural responses)

how well you execute the skill

outcomes you achieve - can be split into subsections

A) results of performance

B) subjective outcomes

C) perceived success

D) perceived attributions

E) performance satisfactions

outcomes of performance - how well performer performed the skill

ability hard work

as a result positive results increase trait confidence - success leads to confidence

while simultaneously positive results cause type of goal to be changed for the next performance

both be positive at the same time

competitive orientation (NACH) may get worse (NAF) - national title if done well isnrtad of regional if results are negative at bottom of flow diagram, confidence e also goes down with goals probably not changing