AP Gov - Executive Branch

pocket veto

informal veto caused when POTUS chooses not to sign a bill within 10 days

executive privilege

right claimed by POTUS to keep certain conversations, records, and transcripts confidential from the people and Congress

executive agreement

agreement between POTUS and another nation that does not have the same durability in the US system as a treaty, no Senate ratification needed

signing statement

written comments issued by POTUS while signing a bill into law that includes reasons for signing or interpretation

executive order

policy directives issued by POTUS that do not require Congressional approval

chief of state

role of president, ceremonial head of the government in public

chief executive

role of president, oversee operation of government agencies, appoints cabinet members

commander in chief

role of president, heads the military branch

chief diplomat

role of president, represents the country in foreign affairs

chief of party

role of president, heads chosen political party, leaning more into candidate centered politics

voice of the people

role of president, represents the wishes of the general public (often not to fruition)

leader of the free world

role of president, spokesman for the free world

protector of the peace

role of president, preserves order in times of national security (domestic)

chief economic leader/manager of the prosperity

role of president, engineers economic controls to maintain a stable economy (solver of economic woes)

express powers

powers explicit in Article II, Take Care, Vesting, Commander in Chief, pardon powers

implied powers

powers implied in Article II, exec privileges, orders, agreements

inherent

powers that all governments have, what to do during COVID, emergency powers to suspend Habeas Corpus

War Powers Resolution

law passed over Nixon veto, restricts the power of the President to maintain troops over 60 days without Congress

stewardship theory

president’s powers are limited to enumerated

20th Amendment

amendment that changed inauguration from March 4th to January 20th - shrunk lame duck period

Budget and Impoundment Control Act

act that barred POTUS from impounding funds that were authorized by Congress

Bully pulpit

POTUS appeals to the public to pressure branches of gov into policy

honeymoon period

during the first 100 days, able to get policy accomplished, approval is high

1947 Presidential Succession Act

established a line of succession if POTUS is unable to serve (VPOTUS is next)

25th Amendment

VPOTUS assumes duties when POTUS is incapacitated, only used 3 times for medical procedures

chief of staff

gatekeeper of the day, always in the sphere of POTUS, glorified secretary

manager/assistant

analyze information, provide expertise

press secretary

voice of POTUS to the public, speak to all types of reporters

national security advisor

person who provides summary regarding current and potential dangers facing the country

executive office of the president

closest advisors to POTUS, groups of people with narrow focuses to advise

office of management and budget

assist POTUS in budget proposal

inner cabinet

Dept of state, defense, treasury, attorney general

bureaucrat

an official employed within a government bureaucracy

political patronage

filling of admin positions as an award for support rather than merit

Pendleton Act

Congress, US Civil Service Commission created to create/enforce rules on hiring, promoting, and tenure of office

federal service system

merit based bureaucracy, exclude armed forces and political appointments

merit system

hiring based on competitive testing results, education, and other qualifications rather than politics or personal connections

iron triangle

mutually dependent relationship between interest groups, gov agencies, and congressional committees

cabinet departments

headed by secretary, expert in a specific area, own budget

independent executive agencies

answer to POTUS and law, provide a service not just regulating, established by Congress

independent regulatory commissions

regulate economic interests, watchdogs, independent

government corporations

government owned businesses created by Congress, serve public need

implementation

bureaucracy’s role in putting into action the laws that Congress has passed

bureaucratic discretion

power to decide how a law is implemented and decide what Congress meant when it passed a law

regulation

process through which the federal bureaucracy makes the rules that have the force of law to carry out the laws passed by Congress

issue network

groups that continually disband and come back together based on issues at hand