Global Stratification, Poverty Types, and Theories of Development

: What is global stratification?

The unequal distribution of wealth and power among nations.

: Define absolute poverty.

A life-threatening lack of resources necessary for survival.

: Define relative poverty.

A lack of resources compared to others who have more.

: What are high

income countries? - Industrialized nations with the highest standard of living; control financial markets.

: What are middle

income countries? - Nations with moderate industry and income; mix of rural and urban life.

: What are low

income countries? - Agrarian nations where most people are poor and face hunger, disease, and limited housing.

: List the main types of slavery.

Descent-based, state-imposed, child slavery, debt bondage, servile marriage, human trafficking.

: What is modernization theory?

A model that explains inequality by technological and cultural differences between nations.

: What are Rostow's four stages of modernization?

Traditional → Take-off → Drive to Technological Maturity → High Mass Consumption.

: What is dependency theory?

A model explaining global inequality through historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones.

: Define colonialism.

The process by which nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of other

nations.

: Define neocolonialism.

Economic domination of poor nations by multinational corporations from wealthy nations.