EXERCISE 3 HEMATOCRIT AND BLOOD TYPING

What is plasmacrit?

percentage of whole blood that is plasma

What is hemocrit?

is the percentage that is formed elements.

majority of formed elements are what ?

erythrocytes

hematocrit is generally accepted to be equal to the volume of red blood cells in whole blood. True or false?

true

What is the normal hematocrit range for males?

42-52%

What is the normal hematocrit range for females ?

37-47%

When would hemocrit be decreased?

in conditions such where there are insufficient RBs being produced (aplastic anemia)

or they are being destroyed too easily (sickle cell anemia).

What is polycythemia?

many red blood cells are produced, raising the hematocrit and making the blood too thick to easily

move through the blood vessels

What is blood typing?

is a system of classifying blood by glycoprotein markers, which are found on the

outer surface of the red blood cells.

When it comes to blood typing does each person have their own set of makers?

markers are genetically determined and therefore

each person inherits a specific set of markers from his or her parents.

What are antigens

(agglutinogens)?

a molecule capable of stimulating antibody production.

What happens if a person is exposed to

blood that has a different set of markers?

his or her body will respond to these foreign proteins with

plasma antibodies or anti-sera (agglutinins).

What happens to these antibodies?

will crosslink together red blood cells

causing them to form a clump, a process called agglutination.

What are the two most important for blood transfusions?

the two most important

for blood transfusions are the ABO and Rh typing systems.

How many markers are in ABO typing system \?

two markers, A and B, which can be combined to produce four blood types (A, B, AB, and O).

How many plasma antibodies are inABO??

there are two types of plasma antibodies (anti-A and anti-B).

Individuals with blood type A have what kind of antibodies?

anti-B antibodies.

Individuals with blood type B have what kind of antibodies?

anti-A antibodies

Individuals with

blood type O have what antibodies?

both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Individuals with blood type AB have what antibodies?

neither

anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

In the Rh typing system how many and what antigen is there?

there is only one antigen, the Rh marker (D

antigen).

What happens when the RH marker is present?

The individual is RH (+)

If the Rh marker is missing then the

individual is what?

The individual is RH (-)

Anti-Rh* antibodies are not normally present in plasma unless an individual

has been previously exposed (sensitized) to the marker through what?

a mismatched blood transfusion

or hemolytic disease.

What happens if a person is B- ?

they would have the B antigen and no Rh antigen. They would also have anti-A antibodies in their plasma.

What happens if a person is O+?

would not have either the A or B antigen, but

would have the Rh antigen. They would also have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Individuals with blood type O are conciderd?

"universal donors." Because their red blood cells lack agglutinogens,

they can donate their blood to any recipient.

Individuals with blood type AB are

considered what?

"universal recipients." They lack plasma agglutinins. This allows them to receive any

blood type without rejection.

Typing system A antigens present?

only A

Typing system A antibodies produced?

anti- B antibodies

Typing system A agglutinates with?

type B, type AB

Typing system B antigens present?

only B

Typing system B antibodies produced?

anti -A

Typing system B agglutinates with?

Type A, Type AB

Typing system AB antigens present?

A and B

Typing system AB antibodies produced?

none

Typing system AB agglutinates with?

none

Typing system O antigens present?

none

Typing system O antibodies produced?

anti-A and anti-B

Typing system O agglutinates with?

Type A, Type B, Type AB

Typing system RH+ antigens present?

RH

Typing system RH+ antibodies produced?

none

Typing system RH+ agglutinates with?

none

Typing system RH- antigens present?

none

Typing system RH- antibodies produced?

anti-Rh

Typing system RH- agglutinates with?

Rh+