Physical/Inorganic Equations

Give 2 equations to show how we can use Magnesium to extract Titanium

TiO₂ + 2Cl + 2C → TiCl₄ + 2CO

TiCl₄ + 2Mg → Ti + 2MgCl₂

Explain how you can test for H₂SO₄

Add acidified BaCl₂ to the solution of suspected H₂SO₄, A white solution of BaSO₄ is produced.

Why is the test for H₂SO₄ unique?

No other ions other than Ba²⁺ give a positive result

Give the ionic equation for the test for H₂SO₄

Ba²⁺ + SO₄^2- → BaSO₄

Draw the table for displacement of group 7 ions

Give the equation and result of reacting silver nitrate with Cl^- ions. Give a further test to distinguish between the other ions.

Ag⁺ + Cl^- → AgCl (white precipitate)

+Dilute NH₃ → Colourless

Give an equation to show the redissolving of the white precipitate AgCl.

AgCl + NH₃ → Ag(NH₃)⁺ + Cl^-

Give the equation and result of reacting silver nitrate with Br^- ions. Give a further test to distinguish between the other ions.

Ag⁺ + Br^- → AgBr (Cream precipitate)

+Concentrated NH₃ → Colourless

Give an equation to show the redissolving of the Cream Precipitate AgBr

AgBr + 2NH₃ → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ + Br^-

Give the equation and result of reacting silver nitrate with I^- ions. Give a further test to distinguish between the other ions.

Ag⁺ + I^- → AgI (Yellow precipitate)

NO FURTHER TEST - AgI does not redissolve

Give the equation for the reaction between NaF and H₂SO₄

NaF + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + HF

Give the equation for the reaction between NaCl and H₂SO₄

NaCl + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + HCl

Give the first stage (acid-base) equation for the reaction between NaBr and H₂SO₄

NaBr + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + HBr

Give the second stage (ionic) equation for the reaction between NaBr and H₂SO₄

2Br^- + H₂SO₄ + 2H⁺ → Br₂ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

Give the overall equation for the reaction between NaBr and H₂SO₄

2NaBr + 3H₂SO₄ → 2NaHSO₄ + SO₂ + Br₂ + 2H₂O

Name the products of the reaction between NaBr and H₂SO₄

NaHSO₄

SO₂

Br₂

Give the observations of the reaction between NaBr and H₂SO₄

White steamy fumes of HBr

Orange fumes of Br

Colourless SO₂

Give the first stage (acid-base) equation for the reaction between NaI and H₂SO₄

NaI + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + HI

Give the second stage (ionic) equation for the reaction between NaI and H₂SO₄

2I^- + H₂SO₄ + 2H⁺ → I₂ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

Give the third stage (ionic) equation for the reaction between NaI and H₂SO₄

6I^- + H₂SO₄ + 6H⁺ → 3I₂ + S + 4H₂O

Give the fourth stage (ionic) equation for the reaction between NaI and H₂SO₄

8I^- + H₂SO₄ + 8H⁺ → 4I₂ + H₂S + 4H₂O

Name the products of the reaction between NaI and H₂SO₄

HI

I₂

SO₂

S

H₂S

Give the observations for the reaction between NaI and H₂SO₄

White steamy fumes of HI

Purple fumes of I

Colourless SO₂

Yellow precipitate S

Colourless H₂S (eggy smell)

Give a disproportionation reaction between chlorine and water

Cl₂ + H₂O ⇌ HClO + HCl

Give a reaction between chlorine and water in the presence of sunlight

2Cl₂ + 2H₂O → 4H⁺ + 4Cl^- + O₂

Give a reaction between chlorine and cold dilute NaOH

Cl₂ + 2NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H₂O

Give the trends for the solubilities of Group 2 Hydroxides and Sulfates as you go down the group.

OH^- : Compounds become more soluble as you go down the group

SO₄^2-: Compounds become less soluble as you go down the group