Hass Geography End of Rotation Test

define environment

The environment is the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) elements of the Earths surface and atmosphere. It includes human changes to the Earths surface and incorporates the lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. dont forget when defining to have an example at the end of the defenition.

define environmental change

Environmental change is when things in nature change. For example when humans clear the land to make farms, deforestation.

Biosphere

Biosphere includes all the living things in the Earth. For example all the plants and animals.

hydrosphere

All the water on earth. For example the ocean, rain and lakes.

atmosphere

The gas and oxygen surrounding Earth. For example it provides the oxygen that we breath.

lithosphere/geosphere

All the non-living things on earth. For example rocks and the shape of the land.

how do all the spheres of the earth interact with each other

All the spheres interact with each other by providing each other with things that they need. The atmosphere proves all the living factors oxygen to breath. The hydrosphere provdes the biosphere with water and the lithosphere/geosphere provides the biosphere with shelter.

Global sustainability + example that supports it.

Global sustainability is the long term maintenence of balance between environmental, economic and social systems on a worldwide scale. It is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. For example something that supports global sustainabilty is

Implications of human activitys on sustainability at a personal, community, and global scale

Personal:

Personal choices regarding consumption, energy use and waste generation have directly impacted environmental sustainability. Examples are driving, fast fashion and home energy use.

Community:

Community level activities affect local environments with pollution and land mangagement being critical concerns. Examples are Improper waste disposal, urban sprawl and construction reducing natural green spaces

Global:

Human activites have transformed the planet. Examples are the burning of fossil fuels, deforestiation. Human alteration has impacted natural habitats which causes a threat to biodiversity.

Sustainable development

sustainable development means social and econimc development is conducted without depletion of natural resources.

Apply sustainable development to a real world example using environmental, social and economic factors

a real world example of sustainable developtment is a transition of a citys buses from diesel to electric vehicles. it reduces emissions into the environment improving air quality, and reduces noise pollution. It is lower operation costs and maintenace costs which results in long term savings. it reduces reliance on imported fuels. The improved air quality leads to lower healthcare costs for the community. It signals a commitment to tackling climate change, enhancing the citys repuation.

what is a worldview

a perspective or point of view held by an individual basd on set of values and assumptions.

worldviews

there are 3 main types of environmental worldviews.

Human centred-EGOcentric

Earth centred-ECOcentric

or a mix of both

EGOcentric

Human centred view, nature valued for human benefit

ECOcentric

Nature centred view, nature valved highly

land degradation

it is the process that reduces the lands capacity to produce crops, support natural vegetation and provide food for livestock for example deforestation.

deforestation

refers to the removal of forests by cutting down trees. it leads to three of the worst threats to biodiversity. Habitat loss, land degradation and habitat fragmentation.

spatial distribution

the arragment of a phenonmenon across the earths surface

the extent of deforestation in the countries sharing the borneo rainforest

the borneo rainforest has lost roughly 30-50 percent of its rainforests since 1973. this is driven primarily by palm oil, logging and plantations. deforestation is primarly happing in the indonesian borneo and malaysian borneo, the brunei borneo remain mainly untouched by deforestation

Two causes of deforestation is borneo forest including how deforestation has changed and evolved overtime.

the massive expantions of palm oil plantations and logging.

Deforestation caused by palm oil plantations peaked between 2000 and 2012 before experiencing a decline to 20-year lows by 2021.

Deforestation caused by logging has shifted from local extraction to industral cleared drving by global demand.

two consequences of deforestation in borneo forest (environmntal, economic, social impacts)

two consequences of deforestation are significant biodiversity loss and habitat fragmentation and severe environmental degradation.

Biodivercity loss impacts the environement by damaging plants and animals and it affects species survival. It effects the economiy by it ruining natural forests, increased healthcare costs and natural disasters. It affects sociallay because people are paying more for healthcare because the air is not as clean as it was before.

Severe environment degradation impacts the environement because it accelerates climate change, it distoryes habitats and it disrupted water cyles. it effects the economy by distroying natural capital, reducing agriculatural yields, and damaging infrastructure. it effects socially by increased healthcare costs and scarced resources like water and land.

One mangement stratigy to help address deforestation including why it must be sustainable and how it balances economic, environmental and social factors

A management stratigy is reforestation. It must be sustainale to ensure long-term ecosystem health, and protect biodivercity.

Environment

It can protect and presurve the environement. It is a nature based tool. It offeres a wide range of ecological benefits. It works best by restoring ecosystems to their original state by planting native species.

Social:

It boosts local economies by providing jobs to the locals that live there. It also provides sustainable resoureces. It also supports health by improving air quality.

Economic:

It creates jobs which boosts local economies and it also increases property values. But reforesting can also be expensive. It costs range from $500 to over $5000 per acre.

human wellbeing

human wellbeing measures the quality of life of a population. It is the ability of people to access the things they need in order the live happy healthy and contented lives.

MDC

More developed country use in answers

LDC

Less developed country use in answers

Differences between MDC and LDC

MDC:

High income

Strong infastructure

High life expectancy

Examples are Australia Japan and Germany

LDC:

Lower income

Limited access to services

Lower life expectancy

Examples are Afganistan Haiti and Ethiopia

Happy planet index (HPI)

The happy planet index is one attempt to measure the bigger picture. It measures life expentancy, self reported wellbeing and the footprints of countries.

How is HPI an alternitive mesurment to reflect the level of wellbeing in a society

HPI is an alternative measurement of wellbieng of a society by shifting the focus from economic production GDP to sustainable wellbeing. it measures how nations use resources for long happy lives for their citizens. It challeneges the idea that higher icome equals higher quality of life, instead highlighting that many countires can achieve high levels of wellbeing with a smaller more sustainable environmental footprint.