Cell Exam Study Guide

Rigid, tough, outer layer made of cellulose for protection 

Cell Wall

Controls what comes into and out of cells; communication 

Cell Membrane

Jelly-like substance that contains organelles; pads/supports organelles 

Cytoplasm

Control center of cell; contains DNA

Nucleus

Assembles amino acids to make proteins

Ribosomes

Tubular system that transports materials like proteins around the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Supplies energy or ATP for the cell through cell respiration using glucose and oxygen

Mitochondria

Receives proteins/materials from the ER, packages them, & distributes them

Golgi Body

Digests old cell parts, food or other objects

Lysosme

Storage tank for food, water, wastes, or enzymes

Vacuole

Captures sunlight and uses it to produce food through photosynthesis

Chloroplast

The lenses of the nose piece

Objective Lenses

Order of Lens on a Microscope

4x 10x 40x

Lens Used for Course Adjustment Knob

4x

Lens Used for Fine Adjustment Knob

10x 40x

How to hold microscope

Walk slowly with one hand on body tube and one hand on base

Main component of cell theory

all living organisms are made up of one or more cells

no nucleus, unicellular organisms, smaller, simpler, no organelles, DNA is scattered around cell

Prokaryotic cells

Larger, more complex, contains organelles, has a nucleus, DNA in nucleus, can be unicellular or multicellular organisms.

Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic Cells similarities

Have a cell membrane, DNA, liquid cytoplasm, cell walls

4 main parts of a cell membrane

Phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrates

proteins function

Provides structure and transports substances

Carbohydrates functions

gives short term energy to living things

Lipid functions

stores long term energy

Nucleic acids functions

stores and transmits hereditary info.

why is a cell membrane selectively permeable?

some substances can pass through and others cannot

hydrophilic head

polar, likes water

hydrophobic tail

non polar, hates water

cholesterol’s function in cell membrane

keeps membrane fluid

protein’s function in cell membrane

transports molecules through membrane

carbohydrate’s function in cell membrane

communication

Particle movement from high to low concentration until evenly distributed.

Diffusion

no energy required, down concentration gradient from high to low

passive transport

needs energy, moves materials against concentration gradient from low to high

Active transport

Endocytosis

moves molecules into cell

exocytosis

moves molecules out of cell