chemical analysis

test for potassium

lilac flame

test for chlorine

with AgNO3 (silver nitrate) forms AgCl a white precipitate

test for copper

green flame

with NaOH forms Cu(OH)2 a blue precipitate

test for iodine

with AgNO3 (silver nitrate)forms AgI a yellow precipitate

test for lithium

crimson red flame

test for sulphur

with BaCl2 forms BaSO4 a white precipitate

test for sodium

yellow flame

test for calcium

brick red flame

with NaOH forms Ca(OH)2 a white precipitate

how to do a flame test

some metal ions produce flames with a characteristic colour, no chrome wire loop dipped in concentrated HCl and then heated with bunsen burner to clean it, dip in acid again then dip into metal compound, hold loop in blue flame of bunsen burner and use the colour to identify the metal ion

test for hydrogen

lit splint held at the open end of a test tube of the gas, hydrogen burns rapidly with a squeaky pop sound- water is made

test for oxygen

glowing splint inserted into a test tube of the gas, the splint relights in oxygen

test for carbon dioxide

bubbles through limewater (calcium hydroxide), limewater turns from colourless to milky in presence of CO2

test for chlorine

damp blue litmus paper is it into chlorine gas bleached and turns white

test for iron (II)

with NaOH forms Fe(OH)2 a green precipitate

test for aluminium

with NaOH forms Al(OH)3 a white precipitate that redissolves in excess

test for iron (III)

with NaOH forms Fe(OH)3 a brown precipitate

test for magnesium

with NaOH forms Mg(OH)2 a white precipitate