Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

State the 2 types of cells

Eukaryotic {animals and plants}

Prokaryotic cells {bacteria and fungi}

What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell?

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus

Define and state what these sub cellular structures are and do: Animal and plant

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cell wall

Large vacuole

Partially permeable cell membrane

Chloroplast

Nucleus: acts as the control centre of the cell and contains DNA which is arranged into chromosomes

Cytoplasm: gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. Contains enzymes which control these chemical reactions

Mitochondria: contain enzymes needed in aerobic respiration

Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis

Cell wall: made of cellulose. Supports and strengthens the plant cell

Large vacuole: contains cell sap, which is a weak solution of sugars and salt

Partially permeable Cell membrane: controls what goes in and out of the cell

Chloroplast:site of photosynthesis {production of food for plant}. It contains a green substance called chlorophyll

How do prokaryotic cells store their genetic material {DNA}?since they DO NOT HVAE A NUCLEUS

They store their genetic material {DNA} as:

One long circular chromosome which floats free in the cytoplasm

Plasmids

What are plasmids? {sub cellular structures in prokaryotic cells}

Plasmids are small loops of EXTRA DNA

They carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. drug resistance

They can be passed between prokaryotic cells

NOT ALL PROKARYOTIC CELLS CONTAIN PLASMIDS

What other sub cellular structures do Prokaryotic cells have?

Partially permeable Cell membrane: controls what goes in and out of the cell

Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis

Flagella:a long tail like structure which allows the prokaryotic cells to move toward nutrients or away from harmful substances

Cell wall: made of cellulose. Supports and strengthens the plant cell