ANISCI Intro Midterm 1 Review

True or False: Animal behavior can be used to assess animal welfare

True

____ bonds between nucleotides form double helix structure of DNA

Hydrogen

In the G1 phase, there are single/double chromosomes

Single

In the end of M phase, there are single/double chromosomes

Single

Which tissue is Avascular?

epithelial

The variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular locus is called

Alleles

______ have the same gene sequence, loci, chromosome length, and centromere location but may have different alleles

Homologous chromosomes

Referring to animal evolution, mutations are ____ and natural selection is _____

Random, not random

True or False: Natural selection introduces new variations/mutations in an animal population

False

Processes involved in the development of modern animals include:

evolution, domestication, production

3 principles of natural selection

Changing environment, reproduction in excess, ability to vary

Most common meat in the U.S.

Chicken

The number of dairy cows in the U.S. has ______ in the last 40 years

Decreased

Milk production in the U.S. has ____ in the last 40 years

Increased

What are the 3 "r's" of humane animal research?

Replacement-

Replace living model with non-living model or one that won't feel pain to the same extent (ex- worm)

reduction-

Use lowest number of animals possible

refinement-

Keep animals comfortable when possible, minimize pain

True or False: Animal behavior is independent of its environment

False

True or False: Animal behavior may differ by breed

True

True or False: we can select animals based on desired behavior to be passed along to offspring

True

True or False: Eyes located more centrally to the face provide better binocular vision and is typical for predators

True

True or False: Allowing animals to choose their own resources is always the best approach to considering animal welfare

False

The cell membrane is formed by the ____ bilayer

Phospholipid

The phospholipid bilayer contains hydrophilic heads and _____ tails

Hydrophobic

The _____ is the only organelle with its own DNA material

Mitochondria

True or False: Ribosomes have a lipid bilayer membrane similar to the cell plasma membrane

False

True or False: Gene expression results in the synthesis of a protein

True

DNA is transcribed into _____ which is then translated into ______

RNA to protein

True or False: A protein that loses structure loses function

True

The enzyme _____ separates DNA strands

Helicase

The enzyme _____ adds nucleotides in cell division

DNA polymerase

In the start of S phase, there are single/double chromosomes

Single

In the end of S phase, there are single/double chromosomes

Double

In G2 phase, there are single/double chromosomes

Double

In the start of M phase, there are single/double chromosomes

Double

Components of a signal transduction cascade

Transduction, response, reception

True or False: a hormone produces the same action in all target cells

False

Somatic cells are ____ and gametes are ____

2n, 1n

Diploid

2n

Haploid

1n

Phenotype = Genotype + ___

Environmenr

True or False- All cells in the body undergo meiosis

False

What is crossing over and what is its importance in genetic diversity?

Crossing over is the exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes. As a result, each chromosome will have a greater variety of genetic material, which promotes genetic diversity.

True or False: Because female mammals, but not males, produce milk, only females have genes related to milk production in their genome

False

During meiosis, one cell results in the development of 4 cells. In the first part of meiosis, ____ separate. In meiosis 2, _____ separate

Homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids

True or False: Quantitative traits are typically regulated by many genes while qualitative traits are typically regulated by one or few genes

True

Which type of trait is under greater environmental influence?

Qualitative

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