Bones

Cranium

The skull that encases the brain.

Frontal

Forehead bone; forms the anterior skull.

Parietal

Two bones forming the top and sides of the skull.

Occipital

Bone at the back of the skull.

Occipital Condyle

Articulates with the first cervical vertebra.

Foramen Magnum

Large opening for spinal cord passage.

Temporal bones

Bones located at the sides of the skull.

Zygomatic process

Projection of the temporal bone forming cheekbone.

Styloid Process

Thin projection for muscle attachment beneath the skull.

Mastoid Process

Bony prominence behind the ear for muscle attachment.

Mandibular fossa

Depression for the mandible articulation.

Sphenoid

Butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull.

Great wings

Part of the sphenoid bone extending laterally.

Lesser wings

Smaller extensions of the sphenoid bone.

Sella turcica

Depression housing the pituitary gland.

Ethmoid

Bone forming part of the nasal cavity.

Cribriform plates

Thin bony plates with olfactory foramina.

Crista galli

Vertical projection for brain membrane attachment.

Sutures

Fibrous joints connecting skull bones.

Coronal

Suture between frontal and parietal bones.

Sagittal

Suture between the two parietal bones.

Lambdoid

Suture between parietal and occipital bones.

Squamous

Suture between parietal and temporal bones.

Mandible

Lower jawbone; only movable skull bone.

Mandibular notch

Indentation between the condylar and coronoid processes.

Mandibular foramina

Openings for nerves and blood vessels in the mandible.

Mental foramina

Openings in the mandible for sensory nerves.

Maxillary bones

Two bones forming the upper jaw.

Zygomatic bones

Cheekbones; form the lateral aspect of the face.

Nasal bones

Two small bones forming the bridge of the nose.

Lacrimal bones

Small bones forming part of the eye socket.

Lacrimal fossa

Depression for the lacrimal sac in the lacrimal bone.

Palatine bones

Two bones forming the posterior part of the hard palate.

Vomer

Bone forming the inferior part of the nasal septum.

Inferior nasal conchae

Thin bones forming part of the nasal cavity.

Hyoid

U-shaped bone in the neck supporting the tongue.

Vertebral Column

Series of vertebrae forming the spine.

Atlas

First cervical vertebra supporting the skull.

Dens

Projection on the axis allowing head rotation.

Lumbar vertebrae

Five vertebrae in the lower back. 5PM DINNER

Sacral vertebrae

Five fused vertebrae forming the sacrum.

Cervical vertebrae

Seven vertebrae in the neck region. 7AM BREAKFAST

Coccyx vertebrae

Four fused vertebrae forming the tailbone.

Thoracic vertebrae

Twelve vertebrae in the upper back. 12 NOON LUNCH

Spinous process

Bony projection on the back of a vertebra.

Transverse process

Lateral projections for muscle attachment on vertebrae.

Vertebral foramen

Opening for spinal cord in vertebrae.

Body

Main part of a vertebra providing support.

Vertebra prominens

C7 vertebra, prominent at the neck base.

Axis

Second cervical vertebra allowing head rotation.

Thoracic cavity

Space housing the heart and lungs.

Sternum

Breastbone; consists of manubrium, body, xiphoid.

Articulation facets for ribs

Surfaces on vertebrae for rib attachment.

True ribs

First seven pairs of ribs directly attached to sternum.

False ribs

Ribs 8-10, indirectly attached to sternum.

Floating ribs

Ribs 11-12, not attached to sternum.

Clavicle

Collarbone connecting arm to body.

Scapula

Shoulder blade; connects humerus to clavicle.

Superior angle

Topmost point of the scapula.

Inferior angle

Lowest point of the scapula.

Medial border

Inner edge of the scapula.

Acromion

Bony process on the scapula's superior aspect.

Humerus

Upper arm bone connecting shoulder to elbow.

Greater tubercle

Large projection on the humerus for muscle attachment.

Capitulum

Rounded end of the humerus articulating with the radius. (Green)

Trochlea

Pulley-shaped structure on the humerus for ulna articulation.

Medial epichonyle

Bony prominence on the humerus for muscle attachment. (Pink)

Ulna

Forearm bone on the inner side.

Radius

Forearm bone on the outer side.

Carpus

Wrist composed of eight small bones.

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Hamate

Capitate

Trapezoid

Trapezium

(So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb)

Metacarpals

Five bones forming the hand's palm.

Phalanges

Bones of the fingers; distal, middle, proximal.

Pelvic Girdle

Structure connecting spine to lower limbs.

Coxal bones

Hip bones forming the pelvic girdle.

Ilium

Largest part of the coxal bone.

Iliac crest

Top border of the ilium.

Iliac fossa

Concave surface of the ilium.

Ischium

Lower part of the coxal bone.

Pubis

anterior part of the coxal bone

Obturator foramen

Large opening in the coxal bone.

Difference between male and female pelvis

Female pelvis is wider and has a larger inlet.

Femur

Thigh bone; longest bone in the body.

Head

Rounded proximal end of the femur.

Patellar surface

Articulating surface for the patella on femur.

Medial and lateral condyle

Rounded ends of femur for knee joint.

Medial and lateral epicondyle

Bony projections above the condyles on femur.

Patella

Kneecap; protects knee joint.

Apex

Pointed end of the patella.

Tibia

Shin bone; larger lower leg bone.

Medial malleolus

Bony prominence on the tibia's distal end.

Fibula

Thinner lower leg bone parallel to tibia.

Lateral malleolus

Bony prominence on the fibula's distal end.

Tarsus

Ankle composed of seven bones.

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular

Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)

Cuboid

Metatarsals

Five bones forming the foot's arch.

Phalanges

Bones of the toes; distal, middle, proximal.

parts of the sternum

top: manubrium

middle: body

bottom: xiphoid process