Cell Evolution and Prokayotes

Halophiles

salt loving, growing in sea water

Thermophiles

heat loving, growing in a Nevada geyser

Basic shapes of Prokaryotes

Cocci, bacilli, spiral

Purpose of Prokaryotic cell wall

maintain cell shape, provide physical protection

What is prokaryotic cell wall made of?

peptidoglycan

peptidoglycan

network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides

Gram negative

have less peptidoglycan

an outer membrane that can be toxic

more likely to be antibiotic resistant

Gram positive

peptidoglycan cell wall

antibiotics target peptidoglycan and damage bacterial cell walls

Ribosomes

consisting of RNA molecules and protein for protein synthesis

2 kinds of cytoplasm internal membranes

photosynthesis or respiration

Cytoskeleton provide what?

internal support

Nucleoid

unbound region containing DNA

Plasmids

small, supercoiled, circular DNA molecules

What do plasmids usually contain?

Genes that help the cell adapt to unusual environmental conditions

Sex pili

conjugation

flagella

allows bacteria and archaea to move

Photoautotrophs

CO2 and Light

Photoheterotrophs

Organic compounds and Light

Chemoautotrophs

CO2 and Chemical

Chemoheterotrophs

Organic compounds and chemical

Plants nourishment

Photoautotrophs

Humans nourishment

Chemoheterotrophs

Exotoxins

proteins secreted by bacterial cells

Endotoxins

components of the outer membrane of some bacteria, released when the cell dies or is digested by a defensive cell