AICE Environmental Management Unit 3 Vocabulary

Population distribution

The way in which the population is spread out across a given area

Population dynamic

The study of how and why populations change in size and how they can be managed

Migration

The movement of peoples from one place in the word to another

Leaching

When water soaks into soils, removing the minerals and nutrients and reducing their ability to support plant life

Primary industry

Industry such as mining, agriculture, fishing or forestry that involves harvesting raw materials

Secondary Industry

Industry that converts raw materials such as farming or mining products into products for sale. The manufacturing industry

Out-migration

To leave one community or area in order to settle in another area

In-migration

To move into an area or region in order to settle down and live

Compare

Identify/comment on similarities and/or differences

Birth rate

The number of live births per thousand people in the population per year. Also known as the crude birth rate as it does not take age or gender into account

Death rate

The number of deaths per thousand people in the population per yeat

Child mortality

The number of children, per 1000 live births, that die under the age of five in a population in a year

Natural increase

The difference between the birth rates and death rates in a population; natural increase differs from overall increase

Net migration

The difference between the number of people entering a country (immigration) and the number of people leaving a country, (emigration). Net migration is negative when more people leave a country than enter it

Infant mortality rate

The number of infant deaths for every 100 live births of children under the age of one

Life expectancy

The average age that a new-born child is expected to live to

Natural population change

The change in the size of a population due to birth and death rates

Immigration

People migrating into a country

Emigration

People migrating out of a country

Overall population change

The change in the size of a population due to birth rates, death rate and net migration rates

Population structure

The number of males and females within different age groups in a given population

Dependency ratio

The dependency ratio is the measure of the dependent (non-working) portion of the population (age groups 0-14 and 65+) compared to the total independent (working) portion of the population (15-64 years). The ratio is expressed as the number of dependents per hundred people in the work force

Total dependency ratio

The total dependency ratio is a measure of both young (age 0-14 years) and older dependents (age 65 and older) added together to show their total versus the independent population (15-64 year olds). The ratio is expressed as the total number of dependents (young and old) per hundred people in the workforce

Youth dependency ratio

The youth dependency ratio is a measure of the young dependents (age 0-14) in a population, in relation to the working-age population (15-64 years old)

Old age dependency ratio

The old-age dependency ratio is the number of older dependents (age 65+) in a population, in relation to the working-age population (15-64 years old). The ratio is expressed as the total number of older dependents per hundred people in the workforce

Ageing population

A population with a high percentage of old people (aged 65 years or older)

Antinatalist

A policy that discourages human reproduction

Pronatalist

A policy that promotes human reproduction

Pronatalist policy

A population strategy designed to encourage people from having children and to increase birth rates

Antinatalist policy

A population strategy designed to discourage people from having children and to decrease birth rates