Med term Chapter 6

urinary terms

one of two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity covered anteriorly by the parietal peritoneum. Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances.

kidney

urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney.

nephron

cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. the process of filtering blood, thereby forming urine begins here.

glomerulus

funnel shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

renal pelvis

indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery, vein, and pelvis are located and the ureter leaves the kidney.

hilum

two slender tubes approximately 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder

ureters

muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. As it fills, the thick, muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size

urinary bladder

lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. This narrow tube varies in length by sex. It is approximately 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) long in the female and approximately 8 inches (20 cm) in the male, in whom it is also part of the reproductive system. It carries seminal fluid (semen) at the time of ejaculation.

urethra

opening through which the urine passes to the outside

urinary meatus

cyst-o

bladder, sac (referring to the urinary bladder)

glomerul-o

glomerulus

meat-o

meatus (opening)

nephr-o

kidney

ureter-o

ureter

urethr-o

urethra

vesic-o

bladder sac (referring to the urinary bladder)

albumin-o

albumin

azot-o

urea, nitrogen

blast-o

developing cell, germ cell

glycos-o

sugar

hem-o

blood

hydr-o

water

lith-o

stones, calculus

noct-i

night

olig-o

scanty, few

son-o

sound

ur-o & urin-o

urine, urinary tract

a-

absence of, without

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult

poly-

many, much

trans-

through, across, beyond

-al, -ary

pertaining to

-cele

hernia, portusion

-ectomy

excision, surgical removal

-emia

in the blood

-gram

the record, radiographic image

-graphy

process of recording, radiographic imaging

-ia

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

-iasis

condition

-itis

inflammation

-lith

stones, calculus

logist

one who studies

logy

study of

lysis

loosening, separating

megaly

enlargement

oma

tumor, swelling

osis

abnormal condition

pexy

surgical fixation

plasty

surgical repair

ptosis

drooping, sagging, prolapse

scope

instrument used for visual examination

scopy

visual examination

stenosis

constriction or narrowing

stomy

creation of an artificial opening

tomy

cut into, incision

tripsy

surgical crushing

uria

urine, urination

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

cystocele

portrusion of the bladder

cystolith

stone or stones in the bladder

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

hydronephrosis

abnormal condition of water in the kidney

nephritis

inflammation of the kidney

nephroblastoma

kidney tumor containing developing germ cells (aka wilms tumor)

nephrolithiasis

condition of the stones in the kidney

nephroma

tumor of the kidney

nephromegaly

enlargement of the kidney

nephroptosis

drooping kidney

pyelitis

inflammation of the renal pelvis

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

uremia

urine (urea nitrogen) in the blood (refers the presence of azotemia and a wide range of signs and symptoms associated with chronic kidney disease, including polyuria [excessive urination], polydipsia [excessive thirst], vomiting, and weight loss; associated with renal failure) (also called uremic syndrome)

ureteritis

inflammation of the ureter

ureterocele

protrusion of a ureter

ureterolithiasis

condition of stones in the ureter

urethritis

inflammation of the urethra

ureterostenosis

narrowing of the ureter

urethrocystitis

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

reflux pertaining to the bladder and ureter (condition in which urine flows backward towards the kidneys. May occur in up to 10% of children, and in some adults)

abrupt decline in kidney function that occurs over hours to days and is usually reversible

acute kidney injury (AKI)

progressive irreversible loss of kidney function

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

condition in which kidneys no longer function on their own, dialysis or kidney transplantation is necessary for survival

end stage renal disease (ESRD)

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

epispadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis

hypospadias

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts causing progressive interference with the ability to form urine

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

stone in the kidney

renal calculus

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

renal hypertension

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

urinary retention

sudden stoppage of urine formation

urinary suppression

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

urinary tract infection (UTI)

Is acute kidney disease sudden onset or gradual onset?

Acute kidney disease has a sudden onset.

Is chronic kidney disease gradual onset or sudden onset?

chronic kidney disease has a gradual onset

cystectomy

excision of the bladder

cystolithotomy

incision into the bladder to remove stones

cystostomy

creation of an artificial opening into the bladder for urinary drainage

lithotripsy

surgical crushing of stones using shock waves

meatotomy

incision into the meatus to enlarge it

nephrectomy

excision of the kidney

nephrolithotomy

incision into the kidney to remove stones

nephrolithotripsy

surgical crushing of stone in the kidney using shock waves

nephrolysis

separating the kidney from other body structures