Ch-19: Transition Metals

Which electrons need to be moved in electron configuration?

electrons in configuration 4 and 9 so if its 4s2, 3d4 it should be 4s1 3d5 or 4s2, 3d9 to 4s1 3d10

When electron goes from neutral to charge, which orbitals are removed first?

S orbital are removed first
Fe= [Ar] 4s2, 3d6

Fe 3+= [Ar], 3d5

What is a complex ion consist of?

transition metal and ligand (molecules or ions that are attached to ions)

what is a counter ion?

ions that balance the charge and are not included in the complex ion

how do ligands attach to transition metals?

they donate lone pairs into orbitals 

lewis base vs lewis acid

base: donates lone pair, acid: accepts lone pair

What is a unidentate and bidentate ligand?

Unidentate → attaches at one site/ element

bidentate → transition metal attaches at 2 sites that are far apart form one another

What is the coordination number?

the number of bonds to the transition metal. Only including those in the brackets

what is the difference between weak field and strong field?

weak= small change in energy, strong field= large change in energy

what happens to the electrons in a strong field? Weak field?

strong field= large energy change so we fill bottom orbitals before reaching to the top. Weak field= can put an electron in each orbital before pairing up

paramagnetic vs diamagnetic

paramagnetic: not all electrons have pairs

diamagnetic: all electrons have pairs

what is the difference in orbitals in tetrahedral and octahedral complexes?

Octahedral has 2 orbitals in the top and then three and can have either a strong or weak field. Tetrahedral will have three orbitals and then 2 orbitals at the bottom and will always be a weak field energy

what is a low or high spin?

spin determined by if paramagnetic and diamagnetic. if the electrons are not all completely paired, then high spin. All paired, then low spin