ci last quar

concept of human rights

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* Entitlement for each individual
* Cluster of basic principles
* Legal and moral
* Respect of others rights

freedom-based

civil and political rights

needs-based

social and economic rights

article

iii

year of the article

1987

due process

fair treatment through normal judicial process

equal protection

all persons are treated alike

probable cause

such facts and circumstances sufficient to induce a cautious man to believe that a crime might have been committed

search warrant

an order in writing issued by the court commanding a peace officer to search for certain personal property.

warrant of arrest

an order in writing issued by the court commanding a peace officer to arrest a person

clear and present danger rule

abridgment of the liberty can be justified only where there exists substantial danger that the speech will likely lead to an evil which the government has the right to prevent.

religious freedom

Right to worship without dictation

liberty of abode

right to travel

freedom of information

empowers every citizen to seek any information from the government

just compensation

fair market value of the property taken

contract

legally binding promise

eminent domain

power of state to take private property for public use w/ just compensation

freedom of speech

the power of right to express opinions

liberty of abode

choose residence, leave or travel

power of taxation

power to impose charge on person/properties for support of the government

quasi judicial

a proceeding conducted by an administrative or executive official or organization that is similar to a court proceeding

miranda rights

right to remain silent, have competent and independent counsel, no means that vitiate the free will shall be used against them, secret detention is prohibited

17

Any confession obtained in violation of section (-) is inadmissible

bail

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* Security (cash, property, recognizance)
* Temporary release from court custody

reclusion perpetua

Imprisonment for 20 years or more

arraignment

copy of complaint in language known to them

subpoena

order that witness can testify in behalf of accused

writ of habeas corpus

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a court order directing a person detaining another to produce body of prisoner

right against self incrimination

getting the evidence or testimony from the accused’ own lips or from the accused’ handwriting

involuntary servitude

Compulsory service of one to another

estafa

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no intention to pay debt

double jeopardy

Person charged and the case is terminated then he will be charged with same offense

ex post facto laq

one which, operating retrospectively, deprives the accused of some protection or defense previously available, to their disadvantage.

bill of attainder

Punishment without trial