CELL BIO LAB MIDTERM

Protein synthesis includes ___ and ___.

Transcription, translation

Where does transcription occur?

Nucleus

Where does translation occur?

Cytoplasm

Which organelle performs translation?

Ribosome

mRNA is read in units called ___.

Codons

What delivers amino acids to the ribosome?

tRNA

The first amino acid in eukaryotic proteins?

Methionine

Protein structure determines ___.

Function

Folding level with alpha helices and beta sheets?

Secondary

Final, functional protein shape?

Tertiary

Multiple polypeptides form a ___ structure.

Quaternary

Integral proteins span the ___.

Membrane

Peripheral proteins are ___ to the membrane.

Attached

Lipid-anchored proteins are bound via ___.

Lipids

Proteins that transport molecules?

Channels

Proteins that bind signals?

Receptors

Protein responsible for glucose uptake?

GLUT

Transmembrane proteins are also called ___.

Integral

Glycoproteins have attached ___.

Sugars

BCA detects ___.

Protein

BCA assay color?

Purple

BCA absorbance peak?

562 nm

BCA assay reduces ___.

Cu²⁺

Reduced copper forms complex with ___.

BCA

BCA is compatible with ___.

Detergents

BCA assay principle?

Colorimetry

Common BCA protein standard?

BSA

EGFR is a ___ receptor.

Kinase

EGFR belongs to the ___ family.

ErbB

EGFR is also called ___.

HER1

First EGFR ligand discovered?

EGF

EGFR has how many domains?

Four

EGFR must ___ to activate.

Dimerize

Dimerization leads to ___.

Autophosphorylation

Ligand binding induces ___ change.

Conformational

EGFR autophosphorylation occurs on ___.

Tyrosine

EGFR activates ___ cascades.

Signaling

Main survival pathway?

PI3K/AKT

Main proliferation pathway?

MAPK/ERK

JAK/STAT regulates ___.

Growth

EGFR activates transcription via ___.

STATs

Adaptor protein for Ras activation?

Grb2

Grb2 binds to ___.

SOS

Ras activates ___.

RAF

RAF activates ___.

MEK

MEK activates ___.

ERK

PI3K phosphorylates ___.

PIP2

PIP3 activates ___.

AKT

AKT inhibits ___.

Apoptosis

EGFR trafficking begins with ___.

Endocytosis

Endocytosis pathway at low EGF?

CME

Endocytosis pathway at high EGF?

NCE

CME leads to ___.

Recycling

NCE leads to ___.

Degradation

EGFR is ubiquitinated by ___.

Cbl

Cbl is recruited by ___.

Grb2

Ubiquitination tags EGFR for ___.

Lysosome

Overexpression of EGFR is seen in ___.

Cancer

EGFR overexpression causes ___.

Hyperproliferation

EGFR is amplified in ___ cancer.

Glioblastoma

EGFR mutations are common in ___.

NSCLC

Most common EGFR drug class?

TKIs

Monoclonal antibodies block ___.

Ligand

TKIs block the ___.

Kinase domain

Resistance mutation in EGFR?

T790M

Endosomal fate of EGFR affects ___.

Signaling strength

Recycled EGFR can be ___.

Re-activated

Degraded EGFR leads to ___.

Signal termination

EGFR promotes ___ uptake.

Glucose

EGFR regulates ___ metabolism.

Energy

Non-canonical EGFR role?

Autophagy

Unbound EGFR is in the ___ state.

Inactive

Ligand binding switches EGFR to the ___ state.

Active

Active EGFR forms a ___.

Dimer

Inactive EGFR is ___.

Monomeric

Dimerization allows ___.

Autophosphorylation

Phosphorylation only occurs when EGFR is ___.

Active

Inactive EGFR lacks ___.

Kinase activity

Active EGFR has exposed ___.

Tyrosines

Internalization happens when EGFR is ___.

Active

CME internalizes ___ EGFR.

Active

NCE internalizes ___ EGFR.

Hyperactive

Inactive EGFR remains at the ___.

Membrane

EGFR recycling returns it to the ___.

Inactive state

EGFR is degraded when highly ___.

Active

EGFR inhibitors aim to keep it ___.

Inactive