optics

Fluorescence

Light emitted by a substance when exposed to electromagnetic radiation

Chemiluminescence

Light produced by a chemical reaction without heating (cool light)

Electric Discharge

Electric current that passes through a gas and produced light

Triboluminescence

Light produced from friction

Chemical bonds containing energy are broken

elextromagnetic spectrum order

gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves.

real image

Can be projected on a screen, always inverted and in front of mirror

virtual image

Cannot be projected, always upright and behind mirror, lateral inversion

dispersion

When light is spread out in a medium and is broken up into its constituent colours

refraction

<span>Change in direction of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed</span>

less dense to more dense

bends towards normal

more dense to less dense

bends away from normal

index of refraction

amount by which a transparent medium decreases the speed of light

N = C/V

Period

The amount of time it takes for one complete cycle of a periodic phenomenon to occur.

T=1/f. T=t/n

frequecny

the number of cycles per unit time, typically measured in hertz (Hz).

f=1/T. f=n/t

total internal relfection

when light stays in the emdium

• θi>θc

• can only happen in the more dense medium

SNELL’S LAW

n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂

magnification equation

lesnes

M = h_ih_o = did_o

d_o

Distance from the object to the optical centre/vertex (Always positive)

d_i

distance from the image to the optical centre/vertex (Real Image = Positive, Virtual Image = Negative)

ho

hi

height of the object (positive when above PA, negative = below PA)

M

M	Magnification (Upright Image = Positive, Inverted Image = Negative)

lenses

xCurved transparent material made in a way that light refracts predictably

Principal focus (F) lesnses

point where light comes to focus or appears to diverge 

Each lens has 2 focal points = F + F1

Principal Axis

Horizontal line drawn through optical centre\

Axis of symmetry

Vertical line drawn through the middle of the optical center

Optical Center (O)

A point on the principal axis where light passes without changing direction (Point O)

Focal Length

distance between the axis of symmetry and principal focus.