sense of taste

Gustation ( taste)

Taste, a chemical sense

5 taste senses for gustation

Bitter, sweet, salty, sour, umami ( meaty/savory flavors)

Taste buds are found in which three areas

Soft palate, pharynx, and epiglottis

Three epithelial cells for taste bud

Supporting epithelial cells, basal epithelial cells, and gustatory epithelial cells

Where do you find the gustatory microbiology

They project from each gustatory epithelial cells to the external surface, taste pore

What is a taste pore

It is an opening in the taste bud

Basal epithelial cells

Stem cells found at periphery of the taste bud near the connective tissue layer ,

Function of basal epithelial cells in taste buds

Stem cells produce supporting epithelial cells which then develop into gustatory epithelial cells

Gustatory epithelial cells life span

10 days

Lingual papillae

Elevations on the tongue with taste buds

Function of lingual papillae

Increase surface area and provide rough texture to the upper surface of tongue

Three types of lingual papillae

vallate papillae, fungiform papillae, foliage papillae

Cause of taste adaptation

Changes that occur in the taste receptors, olfactory receptors and in neurons of the gustatory pathway in the CNS

Filiform papillae

Threadlike structures contain tactile receptors but no taste buds

Function of filiform papillae

Increase friction between the tongue and food making it easier for the tongue to move the food on the oral cavity ( entire surface of tongue have them)

Vallate papillae: circulate papillae form physiology and number of taste buds

Inverted V shaped row at the back of the tongue; 100-300 taste buds

Fungiform papillae Physiology and number of taste buds

Mushroom shaped elevations scattered over entire surface of tongue; 5 taste buds

Folate papillae physiology

Located in small trenches on the lateral margins of the tongue, most of their taste buds degenerate in early childhood

Tastants

Chemicals that stimulate gustatory epithelial cells

Three cranial nerves for that innervate taste buds

Facial nerve ( VII)

Glossopharyngeal (VIII)

Vagus nerve (X)

Vagus nerve (X) function in taste buds

Serves taste buds in the throat and epiglottis

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) function with taste buds

Serves taste buds in posterior 1/3 of to tongue

Facial nerve ( VII) function with taste buds

Serves taste buds in the anterior 2/3 part of the tongue

Taste aversion

People and animals quickly learn to avoid foods that cause upset to the digestive system