Gross Anatomy of the Skeletal System

axial skeleton

bones along the central axis of the human body; protects vital organs and provides structural support

skull

cranium and facial bones

thoracic cage

sternum and costals

cranium

protects the brain

cranial bones

frontal bone, parietal bones, occipital bones, temporal bones, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone

frontal bone

forehead

parietal bones

roof and upper sides of the cranium

occipital bones

posterior floor and walls of the cranium

temporal bones

sides and base of the cranium

sphenoid bone

base of the cranium, eye sockets

ethmoid bone

nose, eye socket, floor of the cranium

sutures

joints connection cranial bones

fontanels

soft spots between the cranial bones; develops into bonne in early infancy

facial bones

nasal bones, vomer bone, zygomatic bones, maxillary bones, mandible, palatine bone, lacrimal bones

nasal bones

nose bridge

vomer bone

nasal septum

zygomatic bones

cheekbones

maxillary bones

upper jaw

mandible

lower jaw; only movable facial bone

palatine bone

hard palate

lacrimal bones

eye socket, tear duct

thoracic cage

rib cage

sternum

breastbone

ribs

12 pairs

thoracic vertebrae

12

thoracic cage function

protects vital organs and allows for breathing movements

true ribs

directly attached to the sternum

false ribs

indirectly attached to the sternum

floating ribs

attached only to vertebrae

vertebral column

backbones

vertebral column function

protects the spinal cord, allows for movement and flexibility of the spine

intervertebral disks

cartilage shock absorbers between vertebrae

cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

neck region

thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

upper back, connects to ribs

lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

lower back, largest and strongest

sacrum (S-spine)

fused triangular bone

coccyx

tailbone, 4 fused bones

appendicular skeleton

126 bones attached to the axial skeleton as appendages; shoulder girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, lower extremities

appendicular skeleton function

allows for movement and manipulation of the environment

shoulder girdle

connects upper extremities to axial skeleto

clavicle

collarbone

sternum

breastbone

scapula

shoulder blade

acromion

bony process of the scapula extending over the shoulder joint

humerus

upper arm bone

forearm bones

radius, ulna

radius

smaller bone on thumb side

ulna

larger bone, forms elbow at proximal end

wrist

8 carpal bones

hand

5 metacarpal bones

fingers

14 phalanges

finger with only 2 phalanges

thumb

pelvic girdle

connects lower extremities to axial skeleton, supports boy weight, protects lower abdominal organs; ischium, ilium, pubis

ischium

posterior part

ilium

broad, blade-shaped upper part

pubis

anterior part

femur

thighbone, longest bone in the body

patella

kneecap, protects knee joint

tibia

larger shinbone, located medially

fibula

small bone, located laterally

ankle

7 tarsal bones

calcaneus

heelbone

talus

anklebone

foot

5 metatarsal bones

toes

14 phalanges

which toe has only 2 phalanges

big toe