History Exam - Migration

Federation

Federation, in the context of Australian history, refers to the process by which the six British colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, and Western Australia united to form the Commonwealth of Australia on January 1, 1901

 Immigration Restriction Act 1901

Legislation that significantly limited immigration to Australia, particularly affecting non-European migrants, and aimed to create a White Australia policy.

Pacific Island Labourers Act 1902

Legislation that allowed the removal of Pacific Island workers from Australia, following the White Australia policy, which aimed to restrict non-European immigration.

Dictation Test

A requirement imposed by the Immigration Restriction Act 1901 that necessitated prospective immigrants to pass a dictation test in a European language, used to exclude non-European migrants. It was basically impossible to pass.

Arthur Calwell

A prominent Australian politician and Minister for Immigration from 1945 to 1949, known for introducing a post-war immigration program that aimed to increase the population and workforce of Australia.

Populate or Perish

A campaign initiated by Arthur Calwell to encourage immigration to Australia after World War II, emphasizing the need to boost the population to ensure national security and economic growth.

Al Grassby

An Australian politician and Minister for Immigration from 1972 to 1975, who played a key role in liberalizing immigration policies and promoting multiculturalism in Australia.

White Australia Policy

A policy that aimed to restrict non-European immigration to Australia, established in 1901 and gradually dismantled from the mid-20th century, reflecting the country's racially discriminatory attitudes.

Vietnam War - Malcolm fraser

An Australian politician who served as Prime Minister from 1975 to 1983, Malcolm Fraser was notable for his opposition to the Vietnam War and later contributed to significant immigration reforms, including the acceptance of refugees from Vietnam even though the pure racism in Australia towards Asian people.

Assimilation

The policy aimed at integrating immigrants into the dominant culture, often requiring them to abandon their original cultural practices.

Integration

Immigrants began to be considered on their suitability as settlers, their ability to integrate and whether they had qualifications useful to Australia.

Opened the door for non-European immigration.

Marked the beginning of the official end of the White Australia Policy.

Multiculturalism in Australia

Within multicultural Australian society, immigrants were still required to respect Australia’s laws & become part of the Australian community, while being encouraged to value & maintain the traditions and customs of their countries of origin.