AMSTUD period 5 quiz #2&#3

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 law allowing popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska, repealing the Missouri Compromise.

Stephen A. Douglas

Illinois senator who promoted popular sovereignty and authored the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

“Bleeding Kansas”

violent clashes between proslavery and antislavery settlers in Kansas.

John Brown/Pottawatomie Creek

John Brown’s 1856 murder of proslavery settlers in Kansas.

Sumner-Brooks incident

Congressman Brooks caned Senator Sumner after an antislavery speech.

Republican Party

political party formed in 1854 opposing the expansion of slavery.

James Buchanan

15th president who failed to stop rising sectional tensions.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

1857 ruling declaring enslaved people property and banning federal limits on slavery in territories.

Chief Justice Roger Taney

Supreme Court Chief Justice who issued the Dred Scott decision.

Lincoln-Douglas debates

1858 debates over slavery expansion between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas.

John Brown/Raid at Harpers Ferry

1859 raid on a federal arsenal meant to start a slave uprising.

Election of 1860

election where Lincoln’s victory led to Southern secession.

Crittenden Compromise

proposed amendments protecting slavery to avoid war.

Deep (Lower) South

states that seceded first, including SC, GA, AL, MS, LA, and TX.

Upper (Middle) South

states that seceded after the war began, including VA, NC, TN, and AR.

Border States

slave states that stayed in the Union—MD, DE, KY, and MO.

Fort Sumter

site in Charleston Harbor where the Civil War began.

Confederate States of America

government formed by the seceding Southern states.

Jefferson Davis

president of the Confederacy.

General George B. McClellan

Union general known for caution and organizing the Army of the Potomac.

Robert E. Lee

leading Confederate general.

“King Cotton”

Southern belief that cotton would secure economic and diplomatic power.

cotton diplomacy

Confederate strategy to gain European support by leveraging cotton exports.

William Tecumseh Sherman

Union general known for total war and the March to the Sea.

Confiscation Acts/“contrabands”

laws allowing seizure of enslaved people aiding the Confederacy

Emancipation Proclamation

1863 order freeing enslaved people in Confederate states.

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

one of the first African American regiments in the Union Army.

Copperheads

Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War.

New York City draft riots

1863 violent protests against the Union draft.

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln’s speech redefining the war as a struggle for equality and national unity.

greenbacks

paper money issued by the Union during the war.

Morrill Tariff Act (1861)

raised tariffs to protect Northern industries.

Homestead Act (1862)

offered free western land to settlers who lived on it for five years.

Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)

gave states land to fund agricultural and technical colleges.

Pacific Railway Act (1862)

authorized construction of the transcontinental railroad.

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, 1863 (Lincoln’s 10% Plan)

allowed Southern reentry once 10% of voters pledged loyalty.

Wade-Davis Bill (1864)

Radical Republican plan requiring 50% loyalty and more protections for freedpeople.

Freedmen’s Bureau

agency providing aid, education, and resources to formerly enslaved people.

Andrew Johnson

17th president who opposed Radical Reconstruction.

Radical Republicans

group pushing for strong federal action to protect Black rights.

Charles Sumner

Radical Republican senator advocating civil rights.

Thaddeus Stevens

Radical Republican House leader supporting equality and land reform.

Thirteenth Amendment

abolished slavery.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

granted citizenship and equal rights to African Americans.

Fourteenth Amendment

defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection.

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

placed the South under military rule and required new constitutions with Black suffrage.

Ulysses S. Grant

18th president who supported Reconstruction.

Fifteenth Amendment

prohibited voting discrimination based on race.

scalawags

Southern whites who supported Reconstruction.

carpetbaggers

Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction.

Hiram Revels

first African American U.S. senator.

Ku Klux Klan

white supremacist group that used violence to suppress Black rights.

Force Acts (1870 & 1871)

laws targeting the KKK and protecting Black voting rights.

Black Codes

Southern laws restricting African American freedom after the Civil War.

sharecropping

labor system where farmers worked land for a share of crops, often creating debt.

convict leasing

system where states leased imprisoned laborers, largely African American, to private employers.

Compromise of 1877

deal ending Reconstruction in exchange for Hayes’s presidency.

Rutherford B. Hayes

19th president whose election ended Reconstruction.