Abdomen Review- Textbook Mock Exam

Which structure is used as a landmark for locating the gallbladder fossa?

main lobar fissure

what is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

biliary disease

Gerota's fascia provides a protective covering for which organ?

kidneys

Increased pressure within the portosplenic venous system will most likely lead to which condition?

portal hypertension

Normal diameter of the main portal vein should not exceed ____cm

1.3 cm

The integrity of which structure is evaluated with the Thompson test?

achilles tendon

A small hyperechoic pancreas is identified on ultrasound. This is most suspicious for which abnormality?

chronic pancreatitis

What is the sonographic appearance of an echinococcal cyst?

septated cystic mass

A predisposing risk factor associated with the development of cholangiocarcinoma may include a history of:

ulcerative colitis

A synovial cyst located in the medial popliteal fossa describes a:

Baker's cyst

Normal caliber of the superior mesenteric vein should not exceed ____cm

1

A patient presents with a history of abdominal pain and lower extremity edema. An ultrasound is requested to rule out Budd-Chiari syndrome. The sonographer should thoroughly evaluate which organ?

Liver

Which 2 structures divide the left lobe of the liver into medial & lateral segments?

left hepatic vein & ligamentum teres

Cholecystokinin is stimulated after food reaches the:

duodenum

The gallbladder is located on the posterior surface of the liver and _______ to the right kidney

anterior

The pyloric canal is considered abnormal when the length exceeds:

17mm

A patient presents with a history of severe back pain, weight loss, and painless jaundice. An abnormality in which organ is most likely to correlate with these symptoms?

pancreas

The popliteal artery is considered dilated after the diameter exceeds:

1 cm

Which capsule surrounds the liver?

glisson's capsule

Which condition is associated with Mirizzi syndrome?

courvoisier sign (impacted stone in cystic duct)

A spaghetti-like echogenic tubular structure within a bile duct is a sonographic finding associated with:

ascariasis

The Whipple procedure is a surgical resection of which organ?

pancreas

A fluid collection caused by extravasated bile is termed a:

biloma

Renal artery stenosis is suggested after the renal artery to aortic ratio exceeds:

3.5

Which peritoneal space most commonly demonstrates ascites?

subhepatic space

Which major organ lies within the anterior pararenal space?

pancreas

Where are the crura of the diaphragm located?

superior to celiac, posterior to IVC, anterior to aorta

Carcinoma in which structure can directly extend into the gallbladder?

pancreas, stomach or bile duct

Enlargement of the gallbladder caused by obstruc- tion of the common bile duct by a distal external neoplasm is termed:

courvoisier sign

Which structures define the superior and inferior borders of the retroperitoneum?

diaphragm & pelvic rim

Elevation in prostatic specific antigen (PSA) is suspicious for:

prostate cancer

Thrombosis involving the hepatic veins describes which condition?

budd-chiari

A patient presents with a history of right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. A sonogram of the right upper quadrant demonstrates a calculus lodged in the cystic duct. This finding is a predisposing factor for developing:

acute cholecystitis

Which structures may be mistaken for an extrarenal pelvis?

dilated renal vein

hydroureter

parapelvic cyst

A patient presents with a history of intermittent fever, nausea, and elevated alkaline phosphatase. He admits to traveling to the Middle East recently. A complex, solitary mass is identified in the right lobe of the liver. This mass is most suspicious for a(n):

amebic abscess

Which term is more commonly used to describe an enlarged or dilated vein?

varix

Which condition most commonly causes the formation of a hepatic abscess?

ascending cholangitis

Which structure is located in the anterolateral portion of the pancreatic head?

gastroduodenal artery

A patient presents with a palpable neck mass. A sonogram demonstrates an echogenic mass in the superior lobe of the right thyroid gland. A prominent hypoechoic ring surrounds this nodule. This mass is most suspicious for which neoplasm?

thyroid adenoma

Which organ is responsible for manufacturing heparin?

liver

The length of a normal adult spleen should not exceed:

13 cm

Which type of aneurysm is most commonly associated with a bacterial infection?

mycotic aneurysm

The stomach produces which enzyme?

pepsin

Which condition is associated with rebound pain at McBurney point?

appendicitis

A round anechoic mass is identified next to the renal pelvis. This is most suspicious for which pathology?

parapelvic cyst

What is the most common clinical symptom associated with portal vein thrombosis?

severe abdominal pain

The diameter of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) should measure:

8-12mm

A retroperitoneal ultrasound is ordered to follow up on previously documented hydronephrosis of the right kidney. The patient is presently asymptomatic. An image of the right kidney demonstrates a small hyperechoic focus in the inferior pole of the kidney. This focus is most suspicious for a renal:

angiomyolipoma

A 70-year-old man presents with a history of scrotal enlargement. He denies trauma to the scrotum or groin areas. The ultrasound reveals an anechoic fluid collection anterior and lateral to the right testis. These sonographic finding are most suspicious for:

hydrocele

A patient presents with a history of elevated liver function tests. An anechoic tubular structure measuring 2.7mm is identified in the body of the pancreas. This structure most likely represents a:

dilated pancreatic duct

A 30-year-old patient presents with a history of right upper quadrant pain. Laboratory tests are within normal limits. An image of the spleen demonstrates an incidental hyperechoic mass. This mass is most suspicious for a(n):

cavernous hemangioma

A patient presents with a history of uncontrolled hypertension and painless hematuria. A hypervascular complex mass is identified near the renal hilum. On the basis of the clinical history, the mass is most suspicious for:

RCC

A 40-year-old patient presents with a palpable left scrotal mass and a previous history of epidid- ymitis. A hyperechoic intratesticular structure is identified appearing as a complex mass in the mediastinum region. This is most suspicious for:

tubular ectasia of the rete testis

A large anechoic structure is demonstrated in the superior portion of the left scrotum. This structure most likely represents a:

epididymal cyst

A 50-year-old patient presents with a history of a palpable right abdominal mass. A sagittal image of the right upper quadrant identifies two contiguous kidneys. The inferior pole of the right kidney is fused with the superior pole of the left kidney. The left renal fossa demonstrates normal bowel patterns. Which congenital anomalies is most likely demonstrated?

sigmoid kidney

Which structure separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe of the liver?

ligamentum venosum

A questionable mass is identified in the anterior portion of the right lobe of the liver. Which 2 structures border this region?

middle & right hepatic veins

A mass displacing the renal calyces is documented on a recent intravenous pyelogram. A sonogram over this area demonstrates a smooth circular anechoic renal mass. This mass is most suspicious for a(n):

simple cyst

When hydronephrosis is encountered, the sonog- rapher should evaluate the urinary bladder for evidence of a(n):

obstruction

Which structure is most likely located adjacent to an omental cyst?

stomach

A patient presents with a mass in the lateral aspect of the neck. An anechoic structure is demonstrated just beneath the jawline. Which cystic structure is most likely identified?

brachial cleft cyst

Extension of pancreatic inflammation into the surrounding tissues is termed a(n):

phlegmon

The inferior vena cava is considered enlarged after the diameter exceeds:

2.5cm

Which organ is associated with an elevation of aldosterone?

adrenal glands

A round, homogeneous, solid mass is identified medial to the splenic hilum. The echo texture is similar to the adjacent splenic parenchyma. On the basis of these sonographic findings, the mass is most consistent with which pathology?

accessory spleen

Which vascular structure is commonly mistaken as the pancreatic duct?

splenic artery

Cortical thickness of the normal adult kidney should measure a minimum of:

1 cm

Which condition is associated with a complete failure of the adrenocortical function?

Addison disease

The main renal arteries arise from the lateral aspect of the aorta approximately 1.5 cm inferior to the:

SMA

a decrease in which lab value is most associated with internal hemorrhage?

hematocrit

Which organ is associated with the “olive sign”?

stomach

Which of the following patient positions is typically used during a thoracentesis?

sitting bent at the waist

Which normal variant is most commonly mistaken as a renal neoplasm?

hypertrophied column of bertin

Which laboratory test will most likely elevate in cases of nonobstructive jaundice?

indirect bilirubin

Which region/portion of the gallbladder is located most superiorly?

the neck

Which thyroid condition is associated with an increased risk in developing a thyroid malignancy?

hashimoto thyroiditis

Which invasive procedure removes a piece of living tissue for microscopic analysis?

core liver biopsy

A pancreatic pseudocyst is most commonly located in which region?

lesser sac

A patient presents to the emergency department with severe left upper quadrant pain. Laboratory values demonstrate elevated serum lipase. An abdominal ultrasound is ordered to rule out:

acute pancreatitis

Which anatomical variant demonstrates an outward bulge to the lateral renal cortex?

dromedary hump

A congenital anomaly associated with the fusion of both kidneys within the same body quadrant describes:

cross fused ectopia

A patient with a recent history of angioplasty presents with a pulsatile inguinal mass. A fluid collection adjacent to the common femoral artery is identified. Color and spectral Doppler demonstrates turbulent blood flow within the fluid collection. On the basis of the clinical history, the sonographic findings are most consistent with a(n):

pseudoaneurysm

A 25-year-old patient presents with a nontender palpable breast mass. A hypoechoic, oval-shaped mass demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement is identified in the breast parenchyma. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic finding is most suspicious for a:

fibroadenoma

a lymphatic organ that removes foreign material from the blood is a function of which organ?

spleen

An abnormality of the gallbladder wall exhibiting a “comet tail” artifact describes:

adenomyomatosis

A transplant kidney is more commonly placed in which region?

RLQ

a congenital anomaly of the yolk sac appearing as an anechoic or complex mass slightly to the right of the umbilicus describes:

meckel diverticulum

Which term describes a noninflammatory degenerative change in a tendon?

tendinosis

Within 5 years, the risk for rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 5 cm in diameter is ___%

5%

Before the bifurcation, the last major visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the:

IMA

Which abnormality commonly coexists in patients with a popliteal aneurysm?

AAA

Which peritoneal space is located superior to the liver?

subphrenic space

The majority of metastatic lesions in the liver originate from the:

colon

The common bile duct passes through which structure before entering the duodenum?

ampulla of vater

Which condition is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto thyroiditis

The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland arises from the:

superior aspect of the isthmus

Under normal conditions, which artery supplies the majority of blood to the brain?

ICA

Which abnormality involves the distal ureter and the urinary bladder?

ureterocele

Postvoid residual in a normal adult urinary bladder should not exceed ____mL

20

Malignant neoplasms involving the colon are more commonly located in which region?

rectum