History unit 4 quiz 1

General George Washington

Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. Brilliantly led America to victory and freedom in the American Revolution. Became 1st US president.

General Thomas Gage

British general in the Revolution. He was commander in chief of the North American forces and military governor of the Province of MA Bay.

General Horatio Gates

American general at Battle of Saratoga. Formed a new Southern army after defeat at Charles Town. Lost to Cornwallis in Camden.

Major John Andre

British agent who worked with Arnold to get West Point- Captured and executed in Tappan.

Redoubt

A small fort.

Hessian

German soldier hired to fight the British in the American Revolution.

Huzzah

A loud shout of joy, rejoicing, or approval.

General Henry Clinton

He replaced General William Howe as Commander-in-Chief of British forces in the American Revolution. He shifted the focus of the war to the southern colonies, hoping to capitalize on strong Tory support.

General Charles Cornwallis

British general who fought the Patriots in the south; surrounded at Yorktown and surrendered to George Washington.

General Nathaniel Greene

Appointed by General Washington to replace Gates, known as the "fighting Quaker" he successfully ended the Southern Campaign for America.

Nathan Hale

A soldier of the American Revolution who was hanged as a spy by the British.

Seige

Military blockade or bombardment of an enemy town or position in order to force it to surrender.

Encampment

A group of tents, huts, etc. where people live together, usually for only a short period of time.

Marquis De Lafayette

French soldier who joined General Washington's staff and became a general in the Continental Army.

General Henry Knox

Close aide to General Washington who brought cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to lay siege to Boston; later appointed by Washington as the first Secretary of War.

Major General Benedict Arnold

Noted field commander, famously changed sides in 1780 becoming one of history's best-known traitors.

Baron Von Stuben

Prussian general who trained the armies, and helped Americans drill and gather supplies.

Prison Ships

Where the British kept their American prisoners, because they had nowhere else, many died on them, anchored in New York Harbor, could get out by joining the Royal Navy.

Casualties

People who are killed, wounded, captured, or missing in a war.

Culper Spy Ring (1778-1783)

Spy network for Washington based in NY that helped get important information to Washington about the British movements. Used a complicated system to deliver messages. Example: Black Petticoats

Battle of Long Island (1776)

First major engagement of the new Continental army, defending against 32,000 British troops outside of New York City.

Valley Forge (1777)

Washington's army spends a horrible winter in Pennsylvania- During this time, his army goes into some serious military training

Cowpens (1781)

A small contingent of Greene's forces inflicted a serious blow on Cornwallis' men.

Crossing of the Delaware (1776)

Washington led 2400 men across the river; attacked british and german during a sleet storm; captured almost 1000 british.

Continental Army Troops

Supplemented by volunteers and militia.

Battle of Quebec (1775)

Failed attempt by colonists to take Canada at the beginning of the Revolutionary War.

Battle of Montreal (1775)

Patriot win in Canada.

Battle of Trenton (1776)

Washington and his troops crossed the Delaware River from Pennsylvania on Christmas night to make a surprise attack on Hessian troops; greatly improved morale.

Battle of Guilford Courthouse (1781)

Battle between the forces of Cornwallis and Greene near modern day Greensboro, N.C. The British won a thin victory in the battle, but the win sapped much of the British strength.

Battle of Monmouth (1778)

A pitched battle in New Jersey during the American Revolution that ended with the withdrawal of British forces

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York; considered to be the turning point of the American Revolution. Caused France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent.

Capture of Savannah (1778)

After the British surprise attack on Georgia and begin to use it as their HQ the Americans fail to retake.

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

Was a decisive victory by a combined assault of American forces led by General George Washington and French forces led by General Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by General Lord Cornwallis. It proved to be the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War, as the surrender of Cornwallis's army prompted the British government to eventually negotiate an end to the conflict.