appendicular skeleton (upper limbs)

appendicular skeleton

includes the pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle

pectoral girdle bones

• upper limbs

• clavicle

• scapula

• humerus

• ulna

• radius

• carpals

• metacarpals

• phalanges

clavical structure

• 2 clavicles

• s-shaped

• sternal end: articulates with the sternum

• acromial end: articulates with the scapula

scapula structure

• flat, triangular

• shoulder bone

• anterior side: smooth

• posterior side: protrusion; contains spine

• spine is divided into unequal portions

• glenoidal end: articulates with the humerus through the glenoid process

• provides sites of muscle attachment

important features of the scapula

• acromion

• coracoid process

• suprascapular notch

• spine

• medial border

• lateral border

• glenoid cavity

important features of the humerus

• head

• greater and lesser tubercles

• intertubercular sulcus

• deltoid tuberosity

• radial groove

• capitulum

• trochlea

• coronoid fossa

• olecranon fossa

• medial and lateral epicondyles

important features of the ulna

• olecranon

• coronoid process

• trochlear notch

• radial notch

• styloid process

important features of the radius

• head

• neck

• ulnar notch

• styloid process

carpals

• form wrist

• marble shaped

• arranged in 2 irregular rows

• 8 of them

metacarpals

• 5 of them

• form palm

• thumb is #1

phalanges

• 14 in total

• 2 in thumb

  • proximal

  • distal

• 3 in rest of the fingers

  • proximal

  • middle

  • distal