Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Chromosome Abnormalities

Nondisjunction

Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II.

Karyotype

Photographic inventory of an individual's chromosomes, prepared by isolating white blood cells, stimulating growth, arresting at metaphase, and arranging into ordered pairs to detect abnormalities.

Trisomy 21

Condition causing Down syndrome, with an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in intellectual disability and physical abnormalities.

Polyploid

Organisms with extra sets of chromosomes, potentially arising from errors in cell division.

Chromosome Breakage

Can lead to rearrangements like deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations, causing genetic disorders or cancer.

Down Syndrome

Genetic disorder causing delayed development & chronic health issues.

Christopher Joseph Burke

American advocate with Down syndrome, known for TV role.

Cri du Chat Syndrome

Rare genetic condition from deletion on chromosome 5p.

Micrognathia

Abnormally small jaw.

Klinefelter Syndrome

Genetic condition affecting male physical and cognitive development.

Gynaecomastia

Enlargement of male breast tissue.

XYY Syndrome

Genetic condition with an extra Y chromosome in males.

Triple X Syndrome

Genetic condition with an extra X chromosome in females.

Menopause

Cessation of menstruation due to hormonal changes.

Turner Syndrome

Genetic disorder in females with missing or incomplete X chromosome.

Microcephaly

Abnormally small head.

Mosaic Klinefelter

Klinefelter syndrome with extra X chromosome in some cells.

Trisomy 13

Genetic disorder with an extra chromosome 13.

Trisomy 18

Genetic disorder with an extra chromosome 18.

Hypospadias

Birth defect where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.

Hypotonia

Low muscle tone.

SLE

Systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease.

Rocker-bottom feet

Feet with a prominent rounded sole.

Sheryshevsky-Turner Syndrome

Another name for Turner Syndrome.

Chorionic Villus Sampling

Prenatal test to detect genetic abnormalities.

Testicular Feminization Syndrome

Genetic disorder where an individual with XY chromosomes develops female traits.

Mitosis

Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

Cell division resulting in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.

Genetic Counselor

Professional who provides information and support to individuals with genetic disorders.