Unit 2 APUSH- Important Terms/Events

Ft Duquesne

Most strategic place in the French and Indian War/ the fort that the French controlled and the English wanted in the Ohio Valley.

French and Indian War

war between the colonies/Britain against French for the Ohio River Valley territory- British win and push French out of continent but salutary neglect is ended and taxes begin

Pontiac's Rebellion

Native Americans revolt against colonists as they expand westward after gaining Ohio River Valley- somewhat successful because British pass Proclamation Line preventing them from settling in their land for then

Paxton Boys

A mob of Pennsylvania frontiersmen led by the Paxtons who massacred a group of non-hostile Indians after Pontiac's Rebellion

Privy Councils

British assemblies that could strike down any colonist passed laws- biased towards British

Boards of Trade

An English legislative body, based in London, that was instituted for the governing and economic controlling of the American colonies. It lacked many powers, but kept the colonies functioning under the mercantile system while its influence lasted. The height of the Boards' power was in the late 1690's.

Non-importation Agreements

colonists agree to boycott British goods after Stamp and Sugar Act

Sons of Liberty

loose group of members from the colonies that protest against the taxes- used threats and showed disapproval; would tar and feather tax collectors; first patriots

Virtual & Actual Representation

Parliament claimed the colonists were virtually represented because they represented all classes- no actual representation in Parliament because no actual colonists in Parliament

Boston Massacre

colonists protesting Townshend Acts get violent and are shot by the British- leads to lots of anger among colonists

British Advantages in Revolution

superior resources, greater population, industrial ability, large stock of materials, centralized government

American Advantages in Revolution

home court, British didn't want full war with them because they were weak (also assumed that if colonists won, they would just wait till they collapse and gain it later), British had long distance to travel

American Disadvantages in Revolution

•Shortage of money for weapons, food, & medicine
•inexperienced soldiers
•few ships

2nd Continental Congress

meets in 1776 to support Continental Army, solidify ideas of independence, write Declaration of Independence, and unify states more

Hessians

German mercenaries hired by the British- are ambushed at Battle of Trenton and lose day after Christmas

Loyalists/Tories

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence

Patriots/Whigs

colonists that rejected British rule and advocated for independence- federalist ideals

Social Changes of Revolution

power more spread out, suffrage began to expand, abolition of slavery begins

Shay's Rebellion

rebellion of farmers in debt- shows Articles of Confederation is weak because there was no one to stop rebellion; wakeup call that constitution needs a revision

Constitutional Convention

all colonies except Rhode Island gather to work on reforming the constitution as the AOC is very weak- federalists (Alex Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay) already had ideas in mind to establish a stronger central government

States under AOC

had sovereignty to rule within own areas; weak central government- interstate commerce was bad and nothing enforced the states; states were like individual nations

Federalists

wanted powerful central government; advocated for the new Constitution but had loose interpretation of it- wanted to promote domestic manufacturing and weak states

Anti-federalists

believed that states should have most power and weak central gov- agrarian based economies; very passionate about individual rights and Bill of Rights

Federalism

government should be divided into state and federal government

Democracy

all members of the nation participate in making decisions- supported by Demo-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson

Republic

members of government are elected- representatives and executive force

Bank of US

The central bank of the nation designed to facilitate the issuance of a stable national currency and to provide a convenient means of exchange for the people. The bank was responsible for providing the nation economic stability- advocated by Alexander Hamilton and federalists

Whiskey Rebellion

farmers that are mad at new whiskey tax (effects them bc they grow corn) rebel against gov- they are shut down by Washington which shows authority of the new Constitution and form of government by federalists

French Revolution

social and political revolution in France inspired by Americans- Washington keeps America out with Neutrality Proclamation

Citizen Ghent

French sent ambassador who is to help gather American support for French in French Rev- is shut down by Washington

XYZ Affair

A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats- leads to Quasi-War in the Caribbean

Convention of 1800

A conference between the U.S. and France which ended Quasi-War