ANAPHY 14

Regulating body temperature

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

KIDNEY

Erythropoietin (EPO) is primarily produced in the:

Calcitriol

The active form of Vitamin D is:

Metabolic alkalosis

Failure of the kidneys can lead to all of the following EXCEPT:

Incontinence

The condition resulting from loss of control of urination is called:

Particle size

The glomeruli filter blood based mostly on:

Blood cells

Which of the following is normally excluded from the filtrate in the glomerulus?

200 litters

About how much filtrate is created by the glomeruli each day?

Glomeruli

The presence of high amounts of protein in urine likely indicates damage to the:

Diabetes insipidus and Diabetes mellitus

Unusually large quantities of urine may point to diseases like:

Urochrome

The yellow pigment that determines urine color is:

Liver disease

Dark "tea" or "cola" colored urine may indicate:

Oliguria

The term for output below the minimum urine volume needed to rid the body of wastes is:

Anuria

The virtual absence of urine production is termed:

Polyuria

Excessive urine production is:

There are too few sodium-glucose transporters in the kidney

In diabetes mellitus, glucose appears in the urine because:

Insufficient ADH release and Insufficient ADH receptors

In diabetes insipidus, high urine volume is due to:

Meats

Which of the following raises the pH of urine?

Kidney stones and Osteomalacia

Chronically high or low urine pH can lead to:

50-100 mOsmol/L to 1200 mOsmol/L H2O

Urine osmolarity ranges from:

Urinary tract infection

The presence of leukocytes in urine may indicate:

Urinary tract infection

Leukocyte esterase in the urine is indirect evidence of:

True

The urethra transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Trigone

The triangular-shaped area at the base of the bladder is called the:

Transitional epithelium

The proximal urethra is lined by:

Internal urinary sphincter and External urinary sphincter

Voiding is regulated by the

Anterior vaginal wall

The external urethral orifice in females is embedded in the

The shorter female urethra

The greater incidence of UTI in women is best explained by:

Pudendal nerve

Voluntary control of the external urethral sphincter is a function of the:

Four

The male urethra is divided into how many regions?

Prostatic urethra

Which part of the male urethra passes through the prostate gland?

Cowper's glands

Which glands produce mucus to buffer urethral pH during sexual stimulation in males?

Retroperitoneal

The bladder is partially:

Detrusor muscle

he bladder is comprised of irregular crisscrossing bands of smooth muscle called the:

Transitional epithelium

The interior surface of the bladder is made of:

urination

Micturition is the term for:

150 ml

The urge to void is sensed when bladder volume reaches about:

300-400 mL

Incontinence will occur as bladder volume approaches:

Hypogastric, Pelvic and Pudendal

Nerves involved in the control of urination include the:

Retroperitoneal

The kidneys and ureters are:

peristalsis

Urine is propelled through the ureter by:

Obliquely

The ureters enter the bladder wall:

vesicoureteral reflux

Children born lacking the oblique course of the ureter are susceptible to:

Transitional epithelium

The inner mucosa of the ureter is lined with:

T12-L3 vertebrae

The kidneys are located at about the:

25%

The kidneys receive about what percentage of the cardiac output at rest?

Aldosterone

The adrenal cortex influences renal function through the production of:

cortex

The outer region of the kidney is called the:

medulla

The inner region of the kidney is called the:

cortex

The renal columns are extensions of the:

medulla

The renal pyramids are located in the:

Descending aorta

The renal arteries form directly from the:

nephrons

The functional units of the kidney are:

1.3 million

The afferent arterioles service about how many nephrons in each kidney?

Renal corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule together form the:

Efferent arteriole

After passing through the renal corpuscle, the capillaries form a second arteriole, the:

Loop of Henle

Cortical nephrons have a short:

Juxtamedullary nephrons

About 15 percent of nephrons are:

70 nm

The filtration membrane permits very rapid movement of filtrate through pores that are only

Outside Bowman's capsule

The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is located:

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

The macula densa monitors the fluid composition of fluid flowing through the: