Kinetics, Mechanisms, Equilibrium, and Solubility Equilibrium
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Flashcards covering key concepts from kinetics, mechanisms, equilibrium, and solubility equilibrium.
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18 Terms
What is kinetics?
The branch of chemistry that studies the rates of chemical reactions and the factors affecting them.
Differential rate law
An equation that relates the rate of a reaction to the concentration of reactants.
Reaction order
The power to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in the rate law.
Half-life
The time required for the concentration of a reactant to decrease to half its initial amount.
Activation energy
The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.
Transition state
The high-energy state during a reaction where old bonds are breaking and new bonds are forming.
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process.
Rate determining step
The slowest step in a reaction mechanism that determines the overall reaction rate.
Intermediate
A species that is formed and consumed during a reaction mechanism.
Equilibrium
A state in a chemical reaction where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
Equilibrium constant
A number that relates the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium for a reversible reaction.
Reaction quotient (Q)
A value that indicates the relative concentrations of products and reactants at any point in a reaction.
Le Chatelier's principle
A principle stating that if an external change is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will adjust to counteract that change.
Ksp
The solubility product constant, which quantifies the solubility of a sparingly soluble compound.
Qsp
The solubility quotient, a measure used to determine whether a precipitate will form in a solution.
Heterogeneous equilibrium
An equilibrium involving reactants and products in different phases.
Kp
The equilibrium constant for gaseous reactions expressed in terms of partial pressures.
Kc
The equilibrium constant for a reaction expressed in terms of concentrations.
