Chapter 10: World War I & Beyond

Militarism

a glorification of the military: the building up of weapons.

Franz Ferdinand

archduke of Austria-Hungary who was assassinated in 1914

Wilhelm II

the German emperor during WWI

Woodrow Wilson

U.S. President from 1913-1921

Western Front

trenches that stretched from the Belgian coast to the Swiss border with France, forming the battlefield between the Allies and the Central Powers in Western Europe.

Casualty

killed, wounded, or missing soldier

contraband

weapons and other war supplies

U-boat

a German Submarine

Lusitania

English passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat, killing American civilians

Zimmermann Note

a telegram in which the German foreign minister proposed an alliance with Mexico against the U.S.

Selective Service Act

law that established a military draft in 1917

conscientious objector

a person whose moral or religious views forbid participation in war.

Nineteenth Amendment

change to the Constitution that guaranteed the right to vote to women

Great Migration

the movement of more than 1.2 million African Americans from the South to northern cities between 1910 and 1920

convoy

group of ships that traveled together for protection against German U-boats.

Vladimir Lenin

radical communist leader who took over Russia in March 1917

Fourteen Points

Wilson's plan for lasting peace through international openness and cooperation

self-determination

the right of people to choose their own form of government

League of Nations

world organization to promote peaceful cooperation between countries

reparations

payments for war damages

irreconcilables

Senate isolationists who opposed any treaty that included a League of Nations.

reservationists

Senators who opposed the Treaty of Versailles as written but were open to compromise

Influenza

the flu virus, which caused a deadly epidemic in 1918

inflation

rising prices

Red Scare

widespread fear of radicals and communists

Palmer Raids

a series of raids, arrests, and deportations of suspected radicals, most of whom never received a trial

Warren G. Harding

elected president in 1920 by promising Americans a "return to normalcy"

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another