Shoulder scapula AOIN

Deltoid origin

Lateral one-third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Deltoid insertion

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid action

Abducts shoulder, flexes shoulder, medially rotate shoulder, horizontally adduct shoulder, horizontally abducts shoulder, extends the shoulder, laterally rotates shoulder

Deltoid innervation

Axillary nerve C5,6

Trapezius origin

External occipital protuberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous process C7-T12

Trapezius insertion

Lateral one-third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Trapezius (upper fibers) action

Extend head and neck, laterally flex head and neck, rotate head and neck, elevate scapula, upwardly rotate scapula

Trapezius (middle fibers) action

Adduct the scapula, stabilize the scapula

Trapezius (lower fibers) action

Depress scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula

Trapezius innervation

Spinal portion of cranial nerve XI (accessory) and ventral ramus C2,3,4

Latissimus dorsi origin

Interior angle of scapula, spinous process of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis and posterior iliac crest

Latissmus dorsi insertion

intertubercular groove of humerus

Latissimus dorsi action

Extend shoulder, adduct shoulder, medially rotate shoulder

Latissimus dorsi innervation

Thoracodorsal C6.,7,8

Subclavius origin

First rib and cartilage

Subclavius insertion

Inferior surface of middle one-third of clavicle

Subclavius innervation

Subclavian C5, 6

Subclavius action

Depression the clavicle and draw it anteriorly, elevate the first rib (to assist during inhalation), stabilize the sternoclavicular joint

Teres major origin

Inferior angle and lower one-third of lateral border of scapula

Teres major insertion

Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Teres major action

Extend the shoulder, adduct shoulder, medially rotate shoulder

Teres major innervation

Lower subscapularis C5,6,7

Rhomboid major origin

spinous processes of T2-T5

Rhomboid minor origin

spinous processes of C7-T1

Rhomboid major insertion

Medial border of the scapula between the spine of the scapula and inferior angle

Rhomboid minor insertion

Upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from spine of the scapula

Rhomboids action

Adduct scapula, elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula

Rhomboids innervation

Dorsal scapular C4,5

Levator scapulae origin

Transverse processes of first through fourth cervical vertebrae

Levator scapulae insertion

Medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula

Levator scapulae innervation

Cervical 3, 4, and Dorsal scapular C4, 5

Levator scapulae action

Elevate scapula, downward rotate scapula, laterally flex head and neck, rotate head and neck to same side, extend the head and neck

Serratus anterior origin

External surfaces of upper eight or nine ribs

Serratus anterior insertion

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Serratus anterior innervation

Long thoracic C5,6,7,8

Serratus anterior action

Protract scapula, upward rotate scapula, depress scapula, hold medial border of scapula against rib cage

Pectoralis major origin

Medial half of clavicle, sternum and cartilage of first though sixth ribs

Pectoralis major insertion

Crest of greater tubercle of humerus (lateral)

Pectoralis major innervation

Upper fibers: lateral pectoral C5,6,7

Lower fibers: lateral and medial pectoral C6,7,8, T1

Pectoralis major action

All: adduct the shoulder, medially rotate shoulder, assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation

Upper: flex shoulder, horizontally adduct shoulder

Lower: extend shoulder

Pectoralis minor origin

Third, fourth, fifth ribs

Pectoralis minor insertion

Medial surface of coracoid process of scapula

Pectoralis minor innervation

Medial pectoral, with fibers from a communicating branch of the lateral pectoral C6, 7, 8, T1

Pectoralis minor action

Depress scapula, abduct scapula, downward rotate scapula

With scapula fixed: assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation

Biceps brachii origin

Short head: coracoid process of scapula

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Biceps brachii insertion

Short head: tuberosity of radius

Long head: aponeurosis of biceps brachii

Biceps brachii innervation

Musculotaneous C5,6

Biceps brachii action

Flex elbow, flex shoulder, supinate forearm

Triceps brachii origin

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Lateral head: posterior surface of proximal half of humerus

Medial head: posterior surface of distal half of humerus

Triceps brachii insertion

Olecranon process of ulna

Triceps brachii innervation

Radial C6,7,8, T1

Triceps brachii action

All: extend elbow

Long head: extend shoulder, adduct shoulder

Coracobrachialis origin

Coracoid process of scapula

Coracobrachialis insertion

Medial surface of mid-humeral shaft

Coracobrachialis innervation

musculocutaneous C6,7

Supraspinatus action

Abduct the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

Stabilize the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity

Supraspinatus origin

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Supraspinatus insertion

Suprascapular C4, 5, 6

Infraspinatus action

Laterally rotate the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

Adduct the shoulder (G/H joint)

Stabilize the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity

Infraspinatus origin

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Infraspinatus insertion

Greater tubercle of the humerus

Infraspinatus innervation

Suprascapular C(4), 5, 6

Teres minor action

Laterally rotate the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

Adduct the shoulder (G/H joint)

Stabilize the head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Teres minor origin

Upper two-thirds of lateral border of the scapula

Teres minor insertion

Greater tubercle of the humerus

Teres minor innervation

Axillary nerve C5, C6

Subscapularis action

Medially rotate the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

Stabilize the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity

Subscapularis origin

Subscapular fossa of the scapula

Subscapularis insertion

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Subscapularis innervation

Upper and lower subscapular C5, 6, 7

What muscles are involved in shoulder extension?

Deltoid (posterior fibers), latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major (lower fibers), triceps brachii (long head)

What muscles are involved in shoulder horizontal abduction?

Deltoid (posterior fibers)

What muscles are involved in shoulder horizontal adduction?

Deltoid (anterior fibers), pectoralis major (upper fibers)

What muscles are involved in shoulder abduction?

Deltoid (all fibers), supraspinatus

What muscles are involved in shoulder adduction?

Latissimus teres major, infraspinatus, teres minor, pectoralis major, triceps brachii (long head), coracobrachialis

What muscles are involved in medial/internal rotation of the shoulder?

Deltoid (anterior fibers), latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis, pectoralis major

What muscles are involved in external/lateral rotation of the shoulder?

Deltoid (posterior fibers), infraspinatus, teres minor

What muscles are involved in elbow flexion?

Deltoid (anterior fibers), pectoralis major (upper fibers), biceps brachii, coracobrachialis

What muscles are involved in scapular retraction/adduction?

Trapezius (middle fibers), rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

What muscles are involved in scapular abduction/protraction?

Serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

What muscles are involved in scapular depression?

Trapezius (lower fibers), serratus anterior (with the origin fixed), pectoralis minor

What muscles are involved in scapular elevation?

Trapezius (upper fibers, unilaterally), rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapula (unilaterally)

What muscles are involved in upward rotation of scapula?

Trapezius (upper and lower fibers), serratus anterior (with the origin fixed)

What muscles are involved in downward rotation of scapula?

Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapula, pectoralis minor