7th+ed

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Alteration in brain function due to external force, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls.

Closed Brain Injury

Injury where the dura remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed; includes contusions and hematomas.

Coup Injury

Injury directly below the point of impact.

Contrecoup Injury

Injury occurring opposite the site of impact.

Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)

Widespread brain injury caused by acceleration/deceleration or rotational forces, resulting in axonal damage.

Secondary Brain Injury

Indirect result of a primary brain injury, involving systemic and cerebral processes.

Postconcussion Syndrome

Symptoms that persist for weeks or months following a mild concussion.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Progressive brain disease linked to repeated head injuries, leading to cognitive and behavioral symptoms.

Herniated Intervertebral Disk

Displacement of disk material, often causing nerve compression and pain.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Condition leading to neurocognitive disorders due to HIV infection.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Chronic inflammatory disease characterized by loss of myelin in the central nervous system, affecting nerve conduction.

Myasthenia Gravis

Chronic autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing weakness and fatigue.

Central Nervous System Tumors

Tumors in the brain or spinal cord, including primary and metastatic tumors.

Epidural Hematoma

Bleeding between the dura mater and the skull, often resulting from trauma.

Subdural Hematoma

Bleeding between the dura mater and the brain, typically due to head injury.

Neurogenic Shock

State of low blood pressure due to loss of sympathetic tone, often following spinal injury.

Spinal Shock

Complete loss of reflex function and flaccid paralysis after spinal cord injury.

Intracranial Aneurysm

Dilation of cerebral blood vessel due to weakness in the vessel wall, can lead to hemorrhage.

Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

A sudden neurologic deficit due to interruption of blood flow to the brain.

Ischemic Stroke

Stroke caused by obstruction of blood flow, leading to tissue death.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Bleeding into brain tissue, often due to hypertension, causing damage and increased intracranial pressure.