R&P Unit 1 parasites

differentiation

Toxocara cati, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina

Feline, K9, and K9/Feline roundworm

Toxocara cati or Toxocara canis

Toxascaris leonina

Roundworm traits

• ascarid shape

• prepatent- 21-35 days

• located in small intestine

• dx- eggs or worms in feces

• visceral larval migrans

• adults are spaghetti in feces

• dog and cat are zoonotic, leonina is not

Baylisascaris procyonis

raccoon roundworm

Baylisascaris procyonis

Baylisascaris spp. can cause ________ problems in humans, but not really affecting dogs

neurological

raccon roundworm traits

• prepatent- 7-10 weeks

• dx- eggs in feces

• more common in dogs

• zoonotic, affects CNS, visceral, and ocular

Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma tubaeforme

canine, feline hookworm

Ancylostoma caninum, tubaeforme (dx based on animal sample)

canine hookworm traits

• located in small intestine

• prepatent- 2-3 weeks

• dx- eggs in feces

• zoonotic, transmitted cutaneously

• “plumber’s itch”

• cutaneous larval migrans

• emits anti-coagulants

Unicinaria stenocephala

northern canine hookworm

Unicinaria stenocephala (dx based on sample animal location)

Trichuris vulpis

canine whipworm

if seen in a canine?

Trichuris vulpis (dx based on sample animal)

canine whipworm traits

• direct

• located in cecum/colon

• bloody diarrhea and anemia

• prepatent- 70-90 days, 4 months

• can live in the ground for 3-5 years

• dx- eggs in feces

• NOT zoonotic

is feline or canine whipworm more likely?

canine, feline whipworm is very rare

Strongyloides stercoralis

Intestinal threadworm

Strongyloides stercoralis

threadworm traits

• dogs and cats

• dx- larvae using Baermann’s

• prepatent- 1-2 weeks

• females can reproduce w/o a male

• more common in puppies

• zoonotic

• diarrhea

• need warm, moist soil to survive

Dirofilaria immitis

heartworm

Dirofilaria immitis

heartworm traits

• treatable in dogs, not cats

• prepatent- 7-9 months

• indirect through mosquitos

• located in right ventricle and pulmonary arteries

• dx- antigen testing, Knott’s

• rarely zoonotic

• microfilariae

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

feline lungworm

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

lungworm traits

• cats

• indirect through snails/slugs

• located in bronchial or alveolar trunks

• prepatent- 1 month

• dx- larvae in feces

• NOT zoonotic

Eucoleus aerophilus

Capillaria aerophilus

if seen in a feline?

Eucoleus aerophilus (dx based on sample animal)

Eucoleus aerophilus traits

• looks like whipworm, dx based on sample animal

• prepatent- 40 days

• dx- eggs in feces

• located in trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity

• NOT zoonotic

Dictophyma renale

giant kidney worm

Dictophyma renale

giant kidney worm traits

• only 2 worms, male and female

• indirect through fish/frogs to dogs

• prepatent- 4-5 months, 18 weeks

• dx- eggs in urine

• no TX, nephrectomy

• zoonotic, but rare

• located in kidney

Pearsonema plica

canine bladder worm

Pearsonema feliscati

feline bladder worm

Pearsonema plica or feliscatii (dx based on sample animal)

bladder worm traits

• located in ureters

• indirect through earthworms

• dx- eggs in urine

• NOT zoonotic

• prepatent- 2 months

Acanthocheilonema reconditum

subcutaneous worm

dx based on no symptoms, maybe a lesion

Acanthocheilonema reconditum

subcutaneous worm traits

• indirect through fleas to dogs

• dx- microfilariae in blood

• NOT zoonotic

• prepatent- 60-100 days

Dipylidium caninum

flea tapeworm

Dipylidium caninum

flea tapeworm traits

• indirect through the flea to dogs and cats

• prepatent- 14-21 days, 2-3 weeks

• dx- segments in feces “rice”

• rarely seen on a fecal

• zoonotic, kids are more prone

Taenia pisiformis

Taenia

Taenia pisiformis

Taenia traits

• indirect through rabbits to dogs

• prepatent- 1-3 months

• NOT zoonotic

• located in peritoneal and liver

• dx- proglottids

• fuzzy, less clear shell than roundworm

Taenia hydatigena

Taenia

Taenia hydatigena traits

similar to Taenia pisiformis but is indirect through ruminants and swine

Taenia ovis

Taenia

Taenia ovis traits

similar to Taenia pisiformis but indirect through sheep

Taenia taeniaeformis

Taenia

Taenia taeniaeformis traits

similar to Taenia pisiformis but indirect through rats/nice to cats

Echinococcus granulosus

canine granulosus

Echinococcus multilocularis

feline multilocularis

Echinococcus (dx based on sample animal)

granulosus traits

• indirect through sheep, cattle, ruminants to dogs

• dx- necropsy

• asymptomatic

• highly zoonotic, report to gov

• prepatent- 1-2 months

• 3-5 segments

multiocularis traits

• indirect through rats, mice to cats

• dx- necropsy

• asymptomatic

• highly zoonotic, report to gov

• prepatent- 1-2 months

• 3-5 segments

Diphyllobothrium latum

Broad Fish tapeworm

Platynosomum fastosum

lizard poisoning fluke

Platynosomum fastosum

lizard fluke traits

• indirect through lizards to cats

• prepatent- 4-5 weeks

• located in liver, bile ducts, gallbladder

• dx- eggs in feces through sedimentation

• NOT zoonotic

• liver issues, icteric, V/D

Giardia felis/canis

Giardia

Giardia

Giardia traits

• direct, dogs and cats

• prepatent- 3-10 days

• dx- zinc sulphite

• trophozoite

• watery diarrhea

• oocysts not eggs

Cytoisospora canis/felis

coccidia

Cytoisospora (coccidia)

coccidia traits

• direct, cats and dogs

• located in small intestine

• prepatent- less than 16 hours

• treat with sulfa drugs

• yellowish diarrhea with little blood

• shaped like a hard-boiled egg

Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma

Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma traits

• indirect through mice or rats to cats

• prepatent- 5-24 days

• dx- oocysts in feces, immunocompromised

• no TX

• zoonotic to pregnant women

Babesia canis

canine piroplasms

Babesia canis

piroplasm traits

• indirect through tick to dog

• prepatent- 1-3 weeks

• stain basophilic

• NOT zoonotic

• anemia, icteric, weak, depressed