Into to anatomy and physiology year 1

Anatomy

The branch of science concerned with the bodily STRUCTURE of humans, animals and other living organisms as revealed by dissection and separation of parts. (Gross Anatomy; Microscopic Anatomy)

Physiology

The branch of science that deals with the normal FUNCTIONS of living organisms. Study of the PROCESSES and FUNCTIONS of the body.

Systemic Anatomy and Physiology

Study each organ system separately.

Regional Anatomy and Physiology

Study specific regions of the body.

Topographic Anatomy

Identify superficial landmarks to make accurate assessment.

Anatomic Position

Universal position from which all body positions and movements are described.

Superior

Upper, above, or closer to the head.

Inferior

Lower, below, or closer to the feet

Midline

Line running down the middle of the body

Medial

Towards the midline

Lateral

Away from the midline

Proximal

Towards the trunk of the body

Distal

Away from the trunk of the body

Anterior

Front of the body (frontal)

Posterior

Rear of the body

Divides the body into front and back. Hint: corona virus shield

Frontal (coronal) Plane

Divides the body into top and bottom. Hint: trans sex surgery

Transverse (Axial) Plane

Divides the body into left and right. Hint: “Saddle”

Sagittal Plane

The Abdominal Quadrants have ___ imaginary lines intersecting at the ______.

Two, Umbilicus

RUQ

Right Upper Quadrant

LUQ

Left Upper Quadrant

RLQ

Right Lower Quadrant

LLQ

Left Lower Quadrant

Midclavicular line

Vertical line through the middle portion of the clavicle (collarbone) and parallel to the midline

Midaxillary line

Vertical line drawn through the axilla to the waist

Anterior axillary line

Parallel line drawn just an inch or so in FRONT of the midaxillary line

Posterior axillary line

Parallel line drawn just an inch or so BEHIND the midaxillary line

Range of motion (ROM)

The full distance that a joint can move. This can be in the context of normal function or injury.

Flexion

Any movement that DECREASES the angle between the specified body part and its proximal area.

Extension

Any movement that INCREASES the angle between the specified body part and its proximal area towards and beyond the anatomical position.

ABDuction

Any movement AWAY from the midline.

ADDuction

Any movement TOWARDS the midline

Neck of Femur (NOF)

Hip Anatomical Term

Prone

Patient laying face down

Supine

Patient resting on their back with the face u

Reproductive system

A system of sex organs (external genitals and their associated ducts) which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction

Semi-Fowler’s (position)

A patient who is sitting up but with the upper body slightly leaning back

Tissue

A cellular organization level between cells and a complete organ

Trendelenburg’s (position)

A modification of the supine position for patients with symptoms of hypoperfusion

Hypoperfusion

decreased blood flow to an organ or the entire body, which means cells are not getting enough oxygen and nutrients.

Universal Position

Standing upright, facing the observer with arms straight and palms forward

Urinary System

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Kidneys filter blood to remove waste and produce urine, which is stored and excreted during urination