Chapter 2 Genetics Meiosis
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25 Terms
Metaphase I
the tetrads line up at the metaphase plate
crossing over
the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I; introduces genetic diversity
prophase I
Crossing over occurs at the chiasmata of homologs
What are the two ways that genetic diversity is introduced in gametes?
Independent Assortment and Crossing Over
Anaphase I
each dyad separates to one cell pole
disjunction
when homologous chromosomes separate properly
nondisjunction
when separation doesn't occur properly
Telophase I
nuclear membrane begins to reform around dyads
Cytokinesis
cells form two haploid cells
Prophase II
short phase where two cells have one pair of sister chromatids
Metaphase II
when the sister chromatids line up on either side of the metaphase plate
Anaphase II
The sister chromatids are separated
Telophase II
One chromosome is present at each pole
"Cytokinesis II"
cytoplasmic division creating four haploid cells
spermatogenesis
process that creates sperm in males
What are the names of the cells present during spermatogenesis and are they diploid or haploid?
primordial germ cells (2n)→ spermatogonia (2n)→ primary spermatocytes (2n)→ secondary spermatocytes (n)→spermatids (n)
What are the names of the cells present during oogenesis and are they diploid or haploid?
primordial germ cells (2n)→ oogonia (2n)→ primary oocytes (2n)→ secondary oocyte (n)/1st polar body→ ovum (n)/second polar body
oogenesis
process that creates female gametes
spermatids
non-motile, no acrosome, non-functional, must mature in epididymis
ovum
mature female gamete
sperm
mature male gamete
Difference in spermatogenesis and oogenesis products
spermatogenesis: 4 haploid spermatids (sperm)
oogenesis: 1 mature ovum (3 polar bodies)
stage at which oogenesis stops until puberty (ovulation)
primary oocyte (prophase I)
stage at which oogenesis stops until fertilization
secondary oocyte (metaphase II)
oogenesis cell released during ovulation
secondary oocyte
Note 
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