Software development and management

what is a system

what Is being described

what is an actor

someone who interacts with the system

what is a use case

what actors can do

what does a use case describe

the functionality expected from systems under development

what is the ways that actors interact with the system

by using use cases or being used by use cases

are actors apart of the system

no

what does actor represent 

roles which users adopt 

what can specific users do

adopt and set aside multiple roles simultaneously

what is the benefit of a primary actor

execution of use case

what does secondary actor receive 

no direct benefit

what does active do 

initiates the execution of the use case 

what does passive do

provides functionality for the execution of use case

what must an actor communicate with

at least one use case

what does the base use case require from the included use case 

its functionality 

why shouldn’t use cases be included use cases be executed on their own

other use cases in the system may share it

what is an extension point 

which point the behaviour is integrated

what does conditions define

what circumstances the behaviour is integrated

what does the base use case do to the sub use case

generalises the use case

What is the definition of association

relationship between use cases and actors

what is the description of generalisation

Inheritance relationship between actors or use cases

Extended relationship

optional use of use case

Included relationship 

required use of use case 

what are attributes

structural characteristics of a class

what are Operations

behaviour of a class

in terms of public who is permitted to access the attribute

everybody

who is permitted to access the private attribute

only the object it self

who is permitted to access the protected attribute

class itself and subclass

who is permitted to access the package attribute

classes that are in the same package

what is meant by read only

value cannot be changed

what is meant by a unique properties

no duplicates are permitted

what is meant by non unique attributes 

duplicates are permitted 

what is meant by ordered attributes

fixed order of values

what is meant by unordered attributes

no fixed order of values

what attributes are included in a set 

unordered and unique 

what attributes are included in a multi set

unordered and non unique

what attributes are included in a ordered set

ordered and unique

what attributes are in a list 

ordered and non unique 

what happens when there is an input parameter

value is expected from the parameter

what happens when there is an output parameter

the parameter adopts a new value

how many times can class variable be defined

only once

when can class operations be used

if there is no instance of the corresponding class being created

Binary association - navigability 

objects knows partners object and can access their attributes and operations 

Binary association - how is non navigability indicated

cross

what is multiplicity 

number of objects that may be associated with exactly one object of the opposite side 

what is role

describes the way in which a object is involved in an association relationship

what is aggregation

weaker form of whole part relationship

what does composition represent

strong and exclusive whole part relationship

what is the abstract class used to highlight

common characteristics of a subclass

how are abstract classes used 

ensure there are no direct instances of superclass 

what does UML allow

multiple inheritance

what does nouns indicate 

classes 

what does adjectives(also nouns) indicate

attribute values

what does verb indicate

operations

what can abstract classes and interfaces can include 

functions without implementations 

what can abstract class represent

inheritance and shared behaviour

Class

Description of a structure and behaviour of a set of objects

Abstract class

class that cant be instantiated

n-ary association

relationship between n classes

Association class 

detailed description of an association 

xor relationship

c is in a relationship with object a or b but not both

shared aggregation

parts whole relationship

strong aggregation 

existence dependent on parts of whole relationship

generalisation

inheritance relationship

object

instance of class

link

relationship between objects

what is a UML diagram

interaction diagram which models sequences of messages exchanged between participants

what does UML capture

order of interactions, lifelines, activation bars and control flow

what do lifelines represent 

participants 

what does a message represent

pair of events

what does on the same life line represent

strict happens before

on different, independent lifelines 

messages dont share a lifeline can occur in any order

on different life line that exchange messages

life line constrains the global order

what does a sender do with a synchronous message

wait until a response message has been received

what does a sender do with a Asynchronous message

continue without waiting for a response message

when will response message be omitted

when content and location are obvious

found message

sender of message is unknown

lost message 

receiver of message is unknown

time consuming message

message with duration

what is filled arrowhead the same as

synchronous calls

what is open arrowhead the same as

asynchronous calls 

what is dashed line equal to

return message

what is dashed arrow to the top of a life line head equal to

create

what does big x at the end of lifeline equal 

destroy 

what does solid thin rectangle on lifeline equal to

activation bar

what does black dot origin equal to 

found message 

what does back dot at the end equal to

lost message

what is guards in bracket equal to

condition on fragments

what is label message verb object equal to

check balance

what are combined fragments

constructors used to express repetitive behaviours in a sequence diagram

why are combined fragments essential

modelling real world business rules with complex control flow

how many predefined operations  types are there for combined fragments 

12

what does alt fragments show

one part or the other based on a guard or condition

what is the definition of a guard 

boolean condition on a combined fragment which decides if operand runs 

what does opt fragment do

models an optional sequence

what does loop fragment do

execute sequence repeatedly

what is a break fragment 

simple form of exceptional handling 

what is seq fragments

default order of events

what are strict fragments

sequential interaction with order

what are par fragments used for. 

set aside chronological order between messages in different operands