Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts in advanced theories of covalent bonding, focusing on definitions and explanations of the main topics discussed in the lecture.

Valence Bond Theory

A theory stating that covalent bonds form when half-filled atomic orbitals overlap to share pairs of electrons.

Sigma Bond (σ bond)

A bond formed by the end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals, typically stronger than a pi bond.

Pi Bond (π bond)

A bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of atomic orbitals, typically weaker than a sigma bond.

Hybridization

The mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid atomic orbitals that can explain molecular shape.

Paramagnetic

A property of a substance that means it is attracted to a magnetic field, typically due to unpaired electrons.

Resonance Structures

Different ways of drawing the same molecule that shows the delocalization of electrons within it. (spread of whole molecule)

One bond is

ALWAYS sigma

in covalently bonded atoms waveforms can

combine (hybridize) to produce orbitals

s + p

sp

two regions of e- density

180*

s + 2p

sp2

three regions of e- density

tigonal planar 120*

s + 3p

sp3

four regions of e- density

tetrahedral 109.5°