Chemistry - Solids

What happens to the arrangement of particles in a solid when heated?

Regular arrangement.

What happens to the vibration of particles in a solid when heated?

It vibrates around a fixed position.

What happens to the energy of particles in a solid when heated?

Very little energy.

What happens to the arrangement of particles in a liquid when heated?

Irregular arrangement.

What happens to the movements of particles in a liquid when heated?

Freely moving.

What happens to the energy of particles in a liquid when heated?

Some energy.

Why can liquids flow?

There are no strong forces between particles.

What happens to the arrangement of particles in a gas when heated?

Particles are very far apart, no clear arrangement.

What happens to the movement of particles in a gas when heated?

They are moving fast.

What happens to the energy in particles in a gas when heated?

Lots of energy.

Gases ______ when heated.

They expand, there are fewer particles in a certain volume = lower density.

What element is the only non-metal is a liquid at room temp?

Bromine

What element is the only metal that is a liquid at room temp?

Mercury

What is an element?

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

What is the change from liquid to solid?

Freezing

What is the change from solid to liquid?

Melting

What is the change from liquid to gas?

Evaporation

What is the change from gas to liquid?

Condensation

What is the change from solid to gas?

Sublimation

What is the change from gas to solid?

Deposition

What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?

Boiling is when all the water changes state, but evaporation is just the top layer of water particles that leaves.

What is diffusion?

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration, to an area of low concentration.

Describe the diffusion of gases experiment:

A piece of cotton wool is put on either sides of a glass tube, one with concentrated ammonia solution and the other with concentrated hydrochloric acid, a bung is also placed. After half a minute, a white ring forms near the hydrochloric acid side.

What is Brownian Motion?

The random motion of microscopic particles when observed through a microscope.

What is a concentrated solution?

One that has lots of reactive particles in a cm3.

What is a less concentrated solution?

They have fewer reactive particles in a cm3.

High concentration:

More particles, more collisions, faster reactions.

Low concentration:

Less particles, less collisions, slower rate of reaction.

The rate of diffusion of potassium permanganate:

1. Place a petri dish over graph paper, and fill with a certain amount of water, at 0 degrees and 100 degrees.

2. Using tweezers, place the potassium permanganate in the centre, measure every 30 seconds.

-The crystals will diffuse faster as the temperature of the water gets warmer, the water particles in hot water are moving more rapidly than in cold water, so the crystals diffuse faster.