DEP 2004 Exam 2

Chapter 5-8

What is myelination?

fatty coating on axons that protects and speeds neuron signals, myelin contributes to increased weight in the brain

What does maturation of the prefrontal cortex at ages 2-6 result in?

sleep becomes more regular, emotions more nuanced, less temper tantrums

What two kinds of impulses do neurons have?

activate (on) and inhibit (off)

What are conservational tasks?

Piaget tests that signify a child is still in the preoperational stage of development (EXAMPLE: liquid conservation test pouring a short glass into a tall glass and asking if the liquid changed)

Vygotsky: ______ learning

social

What is theory of mind?

cognitive understanding that others have their own distinct mental state

From age 2 to 6, children understand __ times the amount of words.

10 times

why is protective optimism important and for what psychosocial crisis stage is it important for?

protective optimism is important because it encourages children to try new things, this is during Erikson’s third stage initiative vs guilt

What are ACE’s?

adverse childhood experiences, trauma

rough and tumble play promotes brain development where?

limbic system with prefrontal cortex

what’s the difference between cooperative play and associative play?

associative play is not yet mutual

What did Baumrind deal with?

Parenting styles

What’s the difference between authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles?

Authoritarian has less emphasis on teaching and learning and more about establishing control

which is more important for learning, rewarding good behavior or punishing bad behavior?

rewarding good behavior

whats the difference between sex differences and gender differences?

sex is biological, gender is societal roles

what are the two biggest problems in the middle childhood age range?

obesity and asthma

what is the middle childhood age range, what is the early childhood age range?

6-11, 3-6

what is the hygiene hypothesis?

being exposed to an environment with pathogens is healthy for your immune system

What test does TIMSS stand for?

Trends in Math and Science Study

What test does PIRLS stand for?

Progress in International Reading Literacy Study

An IQ test and achievements test tests what two things?

IQ test tests your ability to learn, achievement test tests your knowledge base

What is an IEP?

Individualized education plan

There are multiple kinds of intelligence bases, logical, linguistic, visual, naturalistic what are the remaining four?

musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, kinesthetic

What’s the difference between interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence?

INTERpersonal is the ability to understand others, INTRApersonal is the ability to understand yourself.

What is the fourth of Erikson’s psychosocial stages, what stage of development does this deal with?

Industry (developing sense of self) vs Inferiority, this happens during middle childhood

What’s the difference between neglected children and withdrawn-rejected children/aggressive-rejected children?

neglected children are neither liked nor disliked they are socially invisible, the rejected children are actively disliked for either anxious or antagonistic behaviors

What are Kholberg’s 3 levels of moral thought?

preconvential, convential, postconvential sometimes adults will never fully enter the postconvential stage of moral thought

what is retribution vs restitution?

retribution focuses on punishment for the offender while restitution focuses on compensation for the victims.