OCR B Salters Bonding and Structure

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to bonding and structure in chemistry.

Ionic Bonding

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Electrostatic Attraction

The force that attracts positively and negatively charged ions to each other.

Octet Rule

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their outer shell.

Molecular Ions

Charged ions made up of two or more atoms, such as hydroxide (OH-) and sulfate (SO4^2-).

Swap and Drop Method

A technique used to determine the formula of an ionic compound by swapping the charges of the ions.

Giant Ionic Structure

A regular arrangement of ions in a repeating three-dimensional pattern.

Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid becomes liquid, influenced by the strength of ionic bonds in an ionic compound.

Covalent Bonding

A type of bonding where atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell.

Dative Covalent Bond

A bond formed when one atom provides both electrons for a pair in a bond.

Giant Covalent Structures

Structures, such as graphite and diamond, where atoms are bonded in extensive networks.

Delocalized Electrons

Electrons that are free to move in a 'sea' around positively charged metal ions in metallic bonding.

Metallic Bonding

The attraction between positively charged metal ions and delocalized electrons.

Polarity

A property of molecules where there is an uneven distribution of electron density.

Tetrahedral Shape

A molecular shape with four bond pairs and no lone pairs, with bond angles of 109.5 degrees.

Bond Angles

The angles between adjacent bonds in a molecule, influenced by lone pairs.

Linear Shape

A molecular shape resulting from two bond pairs and no lone pairs, with bond angles of 180 degrees.

Trigonal Planar Shape

A molecular shape resulting from three bond pairs and no lone pairs, with bond angles of 120 degrees.

Square Planar Shape

A molecular configuration for four bond pairs and two lone pairs, with bond angles of 90 degrees.