The great depression + the new deal + second new deal and aftereffect

Unit 4

Agricultural Marketing Act (1929)

This act provided for a form of relief for farmers by creating a Federal Farm Board, which was designed to stabilize farm crop prices. Could not resist the inflation & overproduction of crops and ended up losing over $150 billion.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)

charged a high tax for imports hoping for economic advantage, but instead led to lack of trade between America and foreign countries

Dust Bowl (1930-1936)

A region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930, lasting for a decade and leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (LFC) (1932)

Hoover's economic recovery program that provided government loans to businesses, banks, and railroads; it was "pump priming," but it was too little ($300 million) and too late to make any real improvement in the economy.

Scottsboro Case (1931)

Hastily convicted 9 black youths, ranging from thirteen to twenty-one, of raping two white women while riding a freight train headed to Memphis. 8 of 9 boys were sentenced to death.

Bonus Army (1932)

group of jobless World War I veterans who came to Washington to lobby Congress for immediate payment of money promised them in 1945; Hoover opposed payment, and when he used the U.S. Army to drive the veterans out of the capital, he was portrayed as cruel and cold-hearted.

Southern Tenant Farmers Union

union that argued passionately that the AAA enriched large farmers and impoverished small farmers who rented rather than owned their land.

Economy Act (1933)

This act passed March 20th of 1933 gave FDR the power to cut government workers' salaries and reduce payments to military veterans for non-service-connected disabilities as well as having the ability to reorganize federal agencies in the interest of reducing expenses. This expanded the role of the presidency more then any other act prior to it

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

the government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds

Resettlement Administration (1935)

Administration that helps move farmers away from Dust Bowl stricken areas

Farm Security Administration (FSA) (1937)

replacement of the Resettlement Administration that loaned more than $1 billion to help tenant farmers become landholders and established camps for migrant farm workers; also hired photographers to record rural towns and farmers, used to create a record of the difficult situations in rural America

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

New Deal agency that promoted economic recovery by regulating production, prices, and wages (blanket code)

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

created by congress to build dams on the Tennessee River that would control floods, bring electricity to rural areas that were without it, and provide jobs.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) (1933)

New Deal program that hired unemployed men to work on natural conservation projects

Mortgage Relief

Assuming a debt on the replacement property that is less than the exchanged property

Liberty League

A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.

Emergency Banking Act (1933)

A government legislation passed during the depression that dealt with the bank problem. The act allowed a plan which would close down insolvent banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive.

Glass-Steagall Act (1933)

established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and included banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation

Securities Act (1933)

The first major federal law regulating the securities industry. It requires firms issuing new stock in a public offering to file a registration statement with the SEC.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Gave farmers money to reduce crop size to reduce production and bring up the value of crops

Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

Provided affordable electricity for isolated rural areas.

Townsend Plan (1933)

A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month (about $3,300 today) to citizens over the age of sixty. Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan, mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.

Father Charles E. Coughlin

A catholic priest who headed the National Union for Social Justice, which denounced FDR's New Deal policies
Held a weekly radio show and discussed politics finance
Proposed to his many listeners an ambiguous currency program, but found popularity mostly though anti-Semitic rhetoric

Huey Long

As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc

Share-Our-Wealth Plan

Program that took money from the rich and distributed it to the poor. -Radical relief program proposed by Senator Huey Long to empower the government to confiscate wealth from the rich through taxes and provide a guaranteed minimum income and home to every family.

National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) (1935)

A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations.

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

1938
*Association of laborers from industries including steel and auto
*Organized in reaction to the AFL, which represented primarily craft unions
*Headed by John L. Lewis
*Originally a committee within the AFL (1935) before becoming independent in 1938
*United with the AFL in 1955

Black Cabinet

Group of African Americans FDR appointed to key government positions; served as unofficial advisors to the president.

John Colliers

commissioner of Indian affairs who promoted Native Americans' right to remain Indian

Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) (1934)

Restored tribal ownership of land and provided federal economic-development funds

Frances Perkins

U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet.

Federal Art Project (FAP)

branch of the WPA that hired artists to create artworks for public buildings

Mark Rothko

artist during the New Deals, known for their abstract style, elongated figures, and intense coloration in pieces

Jackson Pollock

artist during the New Deals, known for his abstract style and the use of splatter painting method

Dorothea Lange

American photographer who recorded the Great Depression by taking pictures of the unemployed and rural poor.